Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 2410 > Lecture 16: Hearing > Flashcards

Lecture 16: Hearing Flashcards

1
Q

Define hearing

A

the brains interpretation of sound energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Energy of sound waves is a combination of their ______ and _____

A

Frequency and Amplitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pitch is the brains interpretation of ____ where as loudness/ intensity is the brains interpretation of _____

A

Frequency ; Amplitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sound Transduction is

A

The conversion of mechanical energy in sound waves to electrical energy (AP’s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

True or False; Our brains Can not distinguish distance and direction of sounds

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What structures are in the external ear

A

Pinna, Ear canal, Tympanic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is located in the Middle ear

A 
Eustachian tube
The Ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is located in the Inner ear

A

Cochlea, bony tabyrinth, Membranous labyrinth, saccule and Utricle
Crista Ampullaris
Vestibular Duct, Oval window, stapes on one end, Helicotrema on other
Coachlear duct (Organ of corti, on tympanic side) (tectorial membrane on vestibular side)
Tympanic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the first, second and major role in transduction

A

1) Tympanic membrane
2) Ossicles vibrating
Major) Vestibular apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What cochlear duct has hair cells

A

Organ of corti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the 6 steps of transduction of sound via hair cells?

A

1) Sound waves strike the tympanic membrane and become vibrations
2) The sound wave energy is transferred to the three bones of the middle ear (Malleus, Incus and stapes) which vibrate
3) The stapes is attached the membrane of the oval window, vibrations of the oval window create fluid waves within the cochlea
4) The fluid waves push on the flexible membranes of the cochlear duct. Hair cells bend and ion channels open, creating an electrical signal that alters neurotransmitter release
5) Neurotransmitters release onto sensory neurons creates action potentials that travel through the cochlear nerve to the brain
6) The energy from the waves transfer across the cochlear duct into the Tympanic duct and is dissipated back into the middle ear at the round window

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What duct has endolymph

A

Cochlear duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Movement of tectorial membrane results in what

A

movement of hair cells within organ of corti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 4 important things that happens when transduction in organ of corti occur

A

1) Vestibular and Tympanic ducts contain perilymph (Plasma)
2) Cochlear duct contains endolymph (very high in K+) secreted by epithelial cells
3) Coachlear duct and vestibular duct are separated via vestibular membrame
4) Cochlear duct and tympanic duct are separated via basilar membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The tallest sterocilium is called

A

the Kinocilium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The sterocilia are connected via

A

Tiplinks

17
Q

Sterocilia have very special K+ channels on their surface which are

A

mechanically gated

18
Q

At rest only ____ % of channels are open

A

10%

19
Q

Describe Excitation

A

When all stereocilia bend towards the kinocilium. Cell depolarizes increases AP frequency in associated sensory neuron

20
Q

Describe Inhibition

A

When all sterocilia bend away from the Kinocilium, ion channels close, cells hyperpolarizes

21
Q

The Basilar membrane has ______ sensitivity to sound wave frequency along its length

A

variable

22
Q

Where do the signals go after the cochlea via what

A

To the medulla oblongata via vestibulocochlear nerve

23
Q

Secondary sensory neurons, send information from the medulla oblongata to the _____ then the ______ and then project to the _____ ____

A

Midbrain

Thalamus

Auditory cortex

24
Q

Conductive hearing loss is problems with

A

External ear or the middle ear

25
Q

Central hearing loss is from

A

Either damage to the neural pathways, between the ear and cerebral cortex
Or the cerebral cortex itself

26
Q

Sensoryneural hearing loss if from

A

Damage to the structure in the inner ear

Old age/ loud music

27
Q

Inner ear is made up of

A

Bony labirynth

Membranous labyrinth

28
Q

What is in the membranous labyrinth

A

1) Cochlear duct with ogan of corti
2) semicircular ducts with 1 crista ampullaris in each
3) utricle and saccule with 1 macula in each

29
Q

Semicircular canals detect what

A

rotational acceleration

30
Q

The vestibular apparatus is filled with what

A

K+

31
Q

The crista consist of ____

A

hair cells

32
Q

Macula in Saccule and Utricle consist of

A

hair cells, and a gelatinous mass

33
Q

What are the two pathways for the head tilted posteriorly?

A

1) Synapse with cerebellum directly

2) Project to vestibular nucleus to midbrain to thalamus to cortex

34
Q

What are two areas that project to areas controlling eye movement

A

Cerebellum and vestibular nuclei

BIOL 2410 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions