Lecture 12 & 13: Organization of CNS Flashcards
Where and when does the brain develop from
3rd week - Hollow tube
When does the fore, mid, and hind brain develop
4th week
Describe the difference of Grey and white matter
Grey matter = Outside the brain, unmyelinated
White matter = Inside brain, myelinated
Why is white matter white?
Due to the myelin shealth
Describe the Early , Late and Derivatives of the forebrain
Cerebrum = cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, lateral and 3rd ventricle
Diencephalon = thalamus and hypothalamus
Describe the Early, Late and derivatives for the Midbrain
midbrain = midbrain then superior, inferior colliculi, substantia nigra
Describe the Early, Late and derivatives for the hindbrain
Pons/Cerebellum = Pons and cerebellum
Medulla =Medulla
Tracts are located in the ___ where as Nevers are located in the ___
CNS ; PNS
What is the meninges and what is included in it
Protecting layer of the CNS
Duro matter
Arachnoid Membrane
Pia matter
Define Meningitis
when the meninges swells and causes pressure on the brain
What are the three types of brain bleeding
1) Epidural = between Skill and dura
2) Subdural = Between dura and arachnoid
3) Subarachnoid = Between arachnoid and Pia matter
Where is CSF made
Choroid plexus
What are the three functions of the CSF
1) Solute concentration
2) Waste removal
3) Coushin for brain
Describe the destinations of the ascending and descending tracts
Ascending = brain Descending = motor
How many total spinal nerves
31
What are the four areas of the spinal chord
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
(Carl Thinks Lamb Sucks)
Medula oblongata controls what
Heartbeat, blood vessels, respiration and digestion
Pons is a _____ station for ___ and ___
Relay; Cerebrum and cerebellum
Each half of the brain has how many lobes
5
Midbrain is the ____ relay
Visual and auditory info
Midbrain does what movement
eye
Cerebellum does what
processes sensory information
Cognition
Stores memories
Thalamus is the
main relay centre
Hypothalamus does what
regulates internal environment
What are the 4 structures within the cerebrum
Cortex (outer)
White matter
Basal ganglia
Limbic system
Grey matter + white Matter =
cerebrum
Occipital lobe = what sense
Vision
Temporal lobe = what sense
hearing
Parietal lobe = what sense
Sensory
Frontal lobe = what
Motor
Insular =
Inside sulcus
If someone cant understand or formulate language what is probably damaged
Wernicke’s and Brocas area
what does the limbic system contain
hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus
Basal Ganglia is a collection of what
nuclei
Basal Ganglia forms what
a complex circuit between the motor cortex, pre motor cortex, cerebellum
Where does CSF escape the brain
Magendie (median)
Luschka (lateral)
Where is the blood brain barrier
Between interstitial fluid and blood
What are the 4 main support/protective systems for the CNS
1) Skull/vertebral column
2) Meninges
3) CSF and ventricles
4) Blood Brain Barrier
What glial cells make the Blood Brain Barrier
Astrocytes
Only what type of molecules can cross the BBB
Lipophilic
About ____% of corticospinal tracts cross the midline
90%
What is the diencephalon made up of
thalamus and hypothalamus
Pituitary and pineal glands
Dorsal roots carry what
sensory information
Ventral roots carry what
motor information to muscles
What are the 4 important nuclei in the spinal cord
Visceral
Somatic sensory
Autonomic efferent
Somatic control
What is a newly discovered function of the cerebellum
Cognition
What is the most distinct part of the brain
Cerebrum
The cortex has three specializations which are
sensory
motor
association
Language processing, math processing occur on what side for most people
left
Parkinson’s disease is due to what
loss of dopaminergic neurons in basal ganglia
Huntington’s disease is due to
loss of cholinergic neurons in basal ganglia
What is the primary function of the corpus callosum
integrate motor, sensory and cognitive performances
