Lecture 3-4: Anatomy and Morphology - 10/6 Flashcards

1
Q

Function of roots

A

Anchor the plant
Absorb minerals and water
Storing organic nutrients
Synthesize organic molecules and hormones

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2
Q

Taproot

A

One main vertical root that gives rise to some large lateral roots, called branch roots

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3
Q

Fibrous roots

A

Many thin lateral roots with no main root

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4
Q

Adventitious roots

A

Arise from stems and leaves

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5
Q

What are the various zones present in roots?

A

Zone of maturation
Zone of elongation
Zone of cell division

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6
Q

Which zone do root hairs form?

A

The zone of maturation, since otherwise they would break as the root gets longer (if they grew in the zone of elongation)

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7
Q

Casparian strip

A

Bands of waterproof material around cells that make up the endodermis (interior of leaf, in this context). They force water to go through a symplastic route instead of an apoplastic route. This is important because cells can only control the movement of water in the symplastic route

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8
Q

Where do lateral roots come from?

A

The pericycle. This allows for an easy connection to the vascular cylinder

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9
Q

Epidermis

A

The outermost layer of tissue in a stem/root

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10
Q

Endodermis

A

In seed plants, an inner layer of cells between the cortex and pericycle cells that surrounds the vascular bundle.

Has Casparian strips that regulate water movement (and also other chemicals)

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11
Q

Pericycle

A

A thin layer of plant tissue between the endodermis and vascular components of roots (at least in young di/monocot roots)

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12
Q

Cortex

A

An inner layer of tissue inbetween the epidermis and vascular tissue of a stem/root

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13
Q

Shoot apical meristem

A

Dome-shaped mass of dividing cells at the shoot tip

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14
Q

Axillary buds

A

Develop from meristematic cells left at the bases of growth tips, from which lateral shoots may develop

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15
Q

Dicot external structures

A

Stipules, petiole (monocot grasses don’t have these), leaf blade, midvein, lateral veins

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16
Q

Abaxial

A

Bottom surface

17
Q

Adaxial

A

Top surface

18
Q

Where are stomata?

A

Can be on both the top and bottom surfaces

19
Q

What are the different ways leaves can be arranged on stems?

A

Spiral (one version is alternate), opposite, or whorled

20
Q

Simple leaf

A

Undivided leaf blade

21
Q

Compound leaf

A

Multiple leaflets

22
Q

Doubly compound leaf

A

Leaflets divided into smaller leaflets

23
Q

Non-reproductive parts of a flower

A

Peduncle, pedicel, receptacle, sepals, petals

24
Q

Reproductive parts of a flower

A

Carpel (stigma, style, ovary)
Stamen (filament, anther)

25
Q

Flower types

A

Perfect (hermaphrodite), staminate (male), pistillate (female)

26
Q

Imperfect

A

Flowers only contain one structure (male or female)

Although there can still be male and female flowers on the same plant

27
Q

Monoecious

A

Both male and female flowers on one plant

28
Q

Dioecious

A

Separate male and female plants

29
Q

Epigynous

A

Above the ovary

30
Q

Perigynous

A

Around the ovary

31
Q

Hypogynous

A

Below the ovary

32
Q

Racme

A

An unbranched inflorescence, flowers attached to a pedicel (flower stalk)

33
Q

Peduncle

A

The stalk of an inflorescence

34
Q

Spike

A

A racme with sessile (lacks a pedicel) flowers

35
Q

Panicle

A

Branched inflorescence

36
Q

Pedicel

A

The stalk of one flower

37
Q

Composite flowers

A

Have two flower types on one head

38
Q

Fruit

A

Developed ovary of a seed plant with its contents and accessory parts