Lecture 11: Photosynthesis - 10/25 Flashcards

1
Q

Redox reactions

A

Chemical reactions in which one element is reduced and another is oxidized; electrons are transferred from one component to another

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2
Q

What are the two phases in photosynthesis?

A

Light reactions and light-independent/”carbon linked” reactions

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3
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Organelles that synthesize chemical energy from light energy

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4
Q

Thylakoids

A

Stacks of discs inside chloroplasts

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5
Q

Lumen

A

The area inside thylakoids

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6
Q

Light reactions

A

Use light energy (endergonic, requiring energy) to produce ATP and NADPH

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7
Q

Stroma

A

The colorless fluid surrounding the thylakoids inside a chloroplast

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8
Q

Light-independent/”carbon-linked” reactions

A

Use chemical energy (ATP, NADPH) to drive the synthesis of CO2 into carbohydrates

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9
Q

Light harvesting complexes

A

Make up the photosystems and contain light energy-gathering pigments

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10
Q

What are the pigments that photosynthesize?

A

Chlorophyll and carotenoids

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11
Q

Why is having multiple types of pigments useful?

A

To absorb a wider spectrum of light

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12
Q

What are photosystems made of?

A

They are a chlorophyll-protein complex, composed of many proteins across the thylakoid membrane and many pigments

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13
Q

Reaction center

A

One special chlorophyll in the photosystem

This chlorophyll passes an electron to the next electron acceptor in the photosynthetic electron transport chain

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14
Q

Where does Photosystem II source its electrons from?

A

It gets its electrons from the photolysis of water, producing O2, H+, and e- (the electron)

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15
Q

How does an electron make its way through the photosystems?

A

First, it is separated from water through photolysis by Photosystem II. It then makes its way across the electron transport chain to Photosystem I where it is used to reduce NADP+ to NADPH

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16
Q

How does the ETC (electron transport chain) effect H+ protons?

A

With the help of the ETC, they are pumped from the stroma to the lumen, creating an electrochemical gradient

17
Q

ATP synthase

A

Uses the electrochemical gradient of H+ protons to synthesize ATP