Lecture 3 Flashcards
When did humanistic therapy start?
Follow what 2 waves?
1964 - conference in Old Saybrook, Connecticut
Psychoanalysis-Freud - 1986
Behaviorism - 1913 - Watson - “psych. as the behaviorist views it”
Who were three people present at the Saybrook conference?
Maslow, May and Rogers
What caused the beginning of humanistic psychology?
Started basically as a protest group, deeply dissatisfied with and rebellion against behaviorism.
- composit of part functions
- model of science taken from physics
- based on medicine
What are the 3 basic principles of humanistic psychology? The Individual…
1- is a unique, truth-seeking, integrated and self-regulated whole with a right to autonomy with responsibility
2 - emphasis on human capacity and potentialities
3 - the person is aware, creative, embodied, holistic, responsible, has free choice, makes sense and meaning, as primary social beings have a powerful need to belong
What are 4 basic principles of humanistic psychology - therapy and growth?
- based on self-awareness and actualisation (or the view that the organism tends to actualise), which includes authenticity
- fostering an autonomy which acknowledges interdependence, emotional competence, and completion
- concerned with the continuance of creativity
- based on a respect for difference, integrity, and wholeness
Basic principles of humanistic psychology? The theraputic relationship
- is the central and primary agent of therapeutic change
- founded on the therapist’s engagement, genuineness or authenticity, non judgemental acceptance, and empathy
- a resource for overcoming alienation
- the organism tends to actualise
- any facilitator needs to support the inherent direction of such actualising
- together, therapist/facilitator and client co-create certain therapeutic/facilitative conditions
What was Abraham Maslows theory?
- 2 major needs
Heirachy of Needs Theory
- Deficiency needs: basic survival
- Growth Needs: realising individuals full potential
What are Maslows hierachy of needs / pyramid (5)
Physiological needs
Safety & security
Love & belonging
Self-esteem
Self-actualization
What was Carl Rogers theory called?
Person Centred Therapy
Name Rogers 6 theraputic conditions?
1 - Two people must be in some minimal relationship or “contact”
2 - The person receiving help, must be aware at some level of some anxiety or concern or discrepancy in his life
3 - Congruence: the person proposing to help must be relatively whole or integrated for the time that they are in the relationship.
4 - Unconditional positive regard: the person proposing to help accepts the other and the other’s perceptions without judgement, condition or evaluation.
5 - Empathic understanding: the person proposing to help must work towards understanding the other as if they were seeing things through the other’s eyes
6 - The person receiving help should perceive, to a minimal degree, the other’s empathic understanding and unconditional positive regard.
What are some of the humanistic research points?
Approach the person not just as a diagnostic category but as a whole
Consider therapy as an open dialogical process that is unpredictable and unmanipulable
Capture the nonquantifiable and the meaningful
Consider the participating individual as an agent and interpreter of the therapeutic situation
Focus descriptively and interpretively on individual persons in depth
- Research often missing for humanistic theories as opposed to CBT which can be easily researched
What is transactional analysis and who created it?
- Eric Berne ( 1910-1970)
- Theory of personality and social interpersonal relations
- A way of explaining human behaviour by analysing social transactions
- Study of Social Transactions is called Transactional Analysis
- Transaction: the fundamental unit of social intercourse
- Stroke: the fundamental unit of social action
- The theory originally based on the ideas of Freud but distinctly different
What are the three Ego States in TA?
P - parent ego state (behaviors thoughts and feelings from parents)
A - Adult ego state (here and now)
C - Child ego state
What are the functions of the ego states?
What are the three types of transactions?
- Complimentary: when someone communicates and the other person replies in the same ego state
- Crossed: when someone communicates and the other person replies from or to a different ego state
- Covert/ulterior: two messages are conveyed at the same time, one of these is an overt or social-level message, the other a covert or psychological-level message
