Intervention - 1st Class - History Flashcards
Define APA psychotherapy
Any psychological service provided by a trained
professional that primarily uses forms of
communication and interaction to assess,
diagnose, and treat dysfunctional emotional
reactions, ways of thinking, and behaviour
patterns.
Define a psychotherapist?
An individual who has been professionally
trained and licensed to treat mental, emotional,
and behavioural disorders by psychological
means. (clinical psychologist, psychiatrist,
counsellor, social worker, or psychiatric nurse).
What were the earliest approaches of pre-science psychotherapy?
Combo of magical, religious pr medical perspectives
Egypt: Imhotep (1st Docotor) and sleep/healing temples. Suggestion therapy via hypnotic states
Greco-Roman: philisophical thought (Socratic qs)
How did cultrues see pre-science?
West- demonic (religious) or witch/wizard.
Easten: overabundance of emotion, failure to
control desires, the depletion of ‘vital energy’ from the
organs – and from community
Who was the first person and what approach did he use?
2nd Person/s?
3rd Person?
Sigmund Freud - psychoanalysis
Carl Jung and Alfred Adler - psychodynamic therapy
B F Skinner - Behaviourism
What two pathways developemd in the 1950’s?
Cognitive and existential/humanistic
Who were the two main characters in 1950’s on which CBT is built?
How did there theories develop into CBT and its focus?
Aaron Beck - Cognitive Therapy
Albert Ellis - REBT
-In the 1970’s cognitive and behavioural approaches
were combined to cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)- a model oriented toward symptom relief, empiricismand modifying core beliefs.
Who were the two main characters in 1950s for existenitalist/humanistic psychotherapy? What was their focus?
Victor Frankl - Existential therapy
Carl Rogers - Person-Centered Approach
Focus on promoting change through genuine empathic relationship
What were some of the additional therapies developed in the 1970s onward? (5)
Systems therapy – family and group dynamics
Somatic therapies – somatic experiencing trauma
therapy, sensorimotor psychotherapy
Positive psychology
Third wave CBT therapies - ACT, DBT, MBCT, MCT
Also models which consider social and spiritual factors, such as Feminist therapy and Transpersonal psychology
What are 7 classifications that make up a psychological theory?
- Human motivation
- Major theoretical constructs
- Views of human development
- Views of psychological health
- Duration of treatment
- Therapeutic techniques
- Therapist’s role
Discuss below for Psychoanalytic theory
1) Human motivation
2) Theoretical construct
3) Human development
4)Psychological health
5) Duration of treatment
6) Techniques used
7) Therapist’s role
1) Humans are motivated by conflicts between conscious and unconscious forces
2) Expression of instinctual drives not accepted so try to suppress these (drive theory)
3) Psyche composed of id, ego and superego
4) Dysfunction arises when instinctual urges (i.e. libido) threaten to break into
consciousness and are symbolised as symptoms
5) Long term- can take years
6) Free association to bring up unconscious material
7) Therapist abstinent so client can project unconscious conflict onto therapist
(transference)
Therapist interprets client’s unconscious with goal of helping achieve insights
Discuss below for Person Centered therapy
1) Human motivation
2) Theoretical construct
3) Human development
4)Psychological health
5) Duration of treatment
6) Techniques used
7) Therapist’s role
- Actualisation as the development of self and positive regard
- Based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs theory
Core concept of self= inner personality, influenced by life (childhood) experiences, the
interpretations of those experiences, and evaluation by others - Humans are able to grow and maximise potential, personal growth: requires an
environment that provides genuineness, acceptance, and empathy - Congruency of self-worth and experiences, if not are incongruent – discrepancy
between self and experience, fully functioning person: open to experience, existential
living, trust feelings, creativity, fulfilled life - Depends on the client’s needs (can be short or long-term)
- Active listening
- Therapists creates the atmosphere of trust, the client leads the way, no diagnosis,
Therapist congruence, empathy and unconditional positive regard enable client to
progress from incongruence to congruence
Discuss below for CBT?
1) Human motivation
2) Theoretical construct
3) Human development
4)Psychological health
5) Duration of treatment
6) Techniques used
7) Therapist’s role
- Humans engage in behaviours that are reinforced
- Schemas: complex cognitive structures that influence the way we interpret events
E.g., in depression – negative cognitive triad – negative view of self, world and future - Behaviours and feelings are a result of our cognitive processes and structures
- Automatic thoughts, intermediate beliefs and core schemas are associated with
psychological dysfunction (anxiety, depression, etc.) - Set number of sessions (depends on the used workbook)
- Often manualized treatment, techniques include: Socratic questioning, downward
arrow, thought recording, activity scheduling, behavioural experiments, graded tasks,
social skills training, problem solving, imagery and role playing - Therapists help clients to engage in collaborative empiricism, examining thoughts as
hypotheses rather than truths
Therapist = expert, client = learner, increasing responsibility with time
When did behaviorism become dominant?
1920s-1950s
What is the Māori word for relationships?
whakawhanaungatanga
