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Developmental Concepts > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

__% of people over the age of 85 live in a longterm care facility

A

15%

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1
Q

For every 100 women aged 65-74 there are ___ men

A

86

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2
Q

In 2020 people over 65 comprised of __% of the population

A

20%

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3
Q

Hayflick limit theory

A

Cells have limited lifespan, biological clock creates aging

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4
Q

Caloric Restriction Theory

A

Caloric restriction extends life by reducing metabolic stress and oxidative stress

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5
Q

Somatic Mutation Theory

A

genetic damage/ mutatiosn are the result of radiation

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6
Q

Primary vs Secondary Aging

A

Primary: Innevitable affects all systems

Secondary: Lifestyle, Environmental, DIsease

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7
Q

Typical vs Atypical aging

A

Typical- Gradual decline across all systems

Atypical - from underlying disease process

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8
Q

-% muscle loss each decade between 20 and 50

A

5-10%

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9
Q

-% loss of muscle mass every decade after 50

A

12%-15%

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10
Q

At what age do you have peak bone density?

A

30

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11
Q

True or false: risk for neurological disease increases with age

A

True

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12
Q

VO2 max declines __% every decade after 20

A

10%

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13
Q

Aging effects on cardiopulm

A

Decreased CO
Decreased vessel elasticity
Heart thickens
Decrease in pacemaker cells
Decrease in chest wall compliance
Decreased lung capacity

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14
Q

Effects of aging on Oral digestion

A

Decreased saliva production
difficulty swallowing

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15
Q

Effects of aging on gut digestion

A

Decreased digestive hormones
decreased stomach motility
decreased peristalsis

Earlier satiety
Impaired olfaction (effects eating)

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16
Q

Presbyopia may occur between what ages

A

35-40

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17
Q

Cataracts occur in __% of people over 75

A

70%

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18
Q

Macular Degeneration causes….

A

Loss of clarity at center of vision

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19
Q

Glaucoma causes…

A

Loss of peripheral vision

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20
Q

The integumentary system is the largest organ and is __% of the bodies weight

A

15%

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21
Q

Pressure injuries can occur in less than _ hours

A

2 hours

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22
Q

Skin aging leads to decreased mast cells, which in turn causes..

A

Increased risk of infection

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23
Q

During typical aging, the visual recognition of objects, long term memory and procedural memory are generally…

A

Stable

24
Q

During aging, the retention of new information…

A

is generally stable but may need more cueing to recall

25
Q

Normal Cognition changes due to aging

A

Slower cognitive speed
decreased word retreival
decreased selective/divided attention
difficulty learning new things
decreased executive cognitive function

26
Q

Atypical changes due to aging include

A

Mood changes (withdrawal from hobbies)

Visuospatial changes (loss of vision or getting lost in familiar places)

Memory Changes (longterm memory, recognizing people)

27
Q

Mild Cognitive Impairment effects __% of people age 65-74 and __% of people 85+

A

65-74 19%

85+ 38%

Reduces capabilities of person relative to their education level, but DOES NOT interfere with ADLs

28
Q

What is the relationship between Mild cognitive impairment and education

A

Inverse

29
Q

Atypical Aging: Dementia

Diagnosis requires two or more of the following be significantly impaired

A

Memory

Communication/ Language

Ability to focus

Reasoning/Judgement

Visual perception

30
Q

The most common type of dementia is..

A

Alzheimers

31
Q

Other conditions may present as dementia like…

A

Depression
UTI
Delirium
Medication side effects
Alcohol
Vitamin Deficiency

32
Q

Delerium is a _____ change in mental state

A

Sudden change

Can be caused by hospitalization (11-42% of hospitalized older adults)

33
Q

The most common mental health condition in older adults 65+ is…

A

Depression

34
Q

Depression effects between 11-16% of the population, and effects ___% of adults in communal living facilities

A

30-44%

35
Q

The PHQ-2 is for what?

A

Measuring depression in older adults. It asks about the previous 2 weeks.

36
Q

3 most common causes of death in elderly in 2020

A

Heart Disease
Cancer
Covid

37
Q

Cancer incidence in older adults has increased by __% in the last 30 years

A

26%

38
Q

An older person has x__ more chance to develop cancer as a younger person

A

x11

39
Q

Risk factors for type 2 diabetes

A

High BP
Obesity
Family History
Lack of exercise
Over 45
African American, Indian, or Pacific islander

40
Q

Frailness details

A

Can effect psychological, physical, and cognitive domains

Underweight BMI under 18.5

Predictive of falls, hospitalization

41
Q

Fit older adult standards

A

Gaitspeed 1.2m/s
TUG under 10 seconds
30s chair rise 15+

42
Q

Mildly Frail

A

Gaitspeed 0.8-1.2m/s
TUG 10-15s
30s Chair rise 8-15

43
Q

Moderately frail

A

0.5-0.8m/s gait speed
TUG 15-20s
30 second chair rise Under 8

44
Q

Severely frail

A

Gaitspeed under 0.5m/s
TUG over 20
30s rise from chair: unable

45
Q

At what stage fraility may someone modify getting up from floor?

A

Mild fraility

46
Q

What what stage fraility is someone difficulty or unable to get up from floor

A

moderate fraility

47
Q

A stroke reduces mobility in ____ of stroke survivors over 65

A

Half

48
Q

What is the leading cause of longterm disability

A

Stroke

49
Q

Stroke risk factors

A

Age
Diabetes
HBP
Smoking
Cholesterol
Heart Disease

50
Q

F.A.S.T stroke acronym

A

Face
Arms
Speech
Time

51
Q

UTI is more common in…

A

Women

52
Q

__% of women 65+ have had a UTI within the last 12 months

A

10%

53
Q

What is the second leading cause of hospital accquired infection

A

Pneumonia

54
Q

Older adults Pneumonia stats

How much more likely to get pneumonia?

How much more likely to be hospitalized for pneumonia?

A

Older adults are x4 as likely to have pneumonia and x5 more likely to be hospitalized

55
Q

Pneumonia has a __% morality rate

A

33%

Leads to 50% of all sepsis

Occurs in roughly 8-10% of all hospital admissions

56
Q

Ageism is associated with an earlier death, approximately _ years

A

7.5

57
Q

The term _____ is prefered over senior citizen

A

Older Adult

Developmental Concepts (7 decks)

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