Lecture 3 Flashcards
__% of people over the age of 85 live in a longterm care facility
15%
For every 100 women aged 65-74 there are ___ men
86
In 2020 people over 65 comprised of __% of the population
20%
Hayflick limit theory
Cells have limited lifespan, biological clock creates aging
Caloric Restriction Theory
Caloric restriction extends life by reducing metabolic stress and oxidative stress
Somatic Mutation Theory
genetic damage/ mutatiosn are the result of radiation
Primary vs Secondary Aging
Primary: Innevitable affects all systems
Secondary: Lifestyle, Environmental, DIsease
Typical vs Atypical aging
Typical- Gradual decline across all systems
Atypical - from underlying disease process
-% muscle loss each decade between 20 and 50
5-10%
-% loss of muscle mass every decade after 50
12%-15%
At what age do you have peak bone density?
30
True or false: risk for neurological disease increases with age
True
VO2 max declines __% every decade after 20
10%
Aging effects on cardiopulm
Decreased CO
Decreased vessel elasticity
Heart thickens
Decrease in pacemaker cells
Decrease in chest wall compliance
Decreased lung capacity
Effects of aging on Oral digestion
Decreased saliva production
difficulty swallowing
Effects of aging on gut digestion
Decreased digestive hormones
decreased stomach motility
decreased peristalsis
Earlier satiety
Impaired olfaction (effects eating)
Presbyopia may occur between what ages
35-40
Cataracts occur in __% of people over 75
70%
Macular Degeneration causes….
Loss of clarity at center of vision
Glaucoma causes…
Loss of peripheral vision
The integumentary system is the largest organ and is __% of the bodies weight
15%
Pressure injuries can occur in less than _ hours
2 hours
Skin aging leads to decreased mast cells, which in turn causes..
Increased risk of infection
During typical aging, the visual recognition of objects, long term memory and procedural memory are generally…
Stable
During aging, the retention of new information…
is generally stable but may need more cueing to recall
Normal Cognition changes due to aging
Slower cognitive speed
decreased word retreival
decreased selective/divided attention
difficulty learning new things
decreased executive cognitive function
Atypical changes due to aging include
Mood changes (withdrawal from hobbies)
Visuospatial changes (loss of vision or getting lost in familiar places)
Memory Changes (longterm memory, recognizing people)
Mild Cognitive Impairment effects __% of people age 65-74 and __% of people 85+
65-74 19%
85+ 38%
Reduces capabilities of person relative to their education level, but DOES NOT interfere with ADLs
What is the relationship between Mild cognitive impairment and education
Inverse
Atypical Aging: Dementia
Diagnosis requires two or more of the following be significantly impaired
Memory
Communication/ Language
Ability to focus
Reasoning/Judgement
Visual perception
The most common type of dementia is..
Alzheimers
Other conditions may present as dementia like…
Depression
UTI
Delirium
Medication side effects
Alcohol
Vitamin Deficiency
Delerium is a _____ change in mental state
Sudden change
Can be caused by hospitalization (11-42% of hospitalized older adults)
The most common mental health condition in older adults 65+ is…
Depression
Depression effects between 11-16% of the population, and effects ___% of adults in communal living facilities
30-44%
The PHQ-2 is for what?
Measuring depression in older adults. It asks about the previous 2 weeks.
3 most common causes of death in elderly in 2020
Heart Disease
Cancer
Covid
Cancer incidence in older adults has increased by __% in the last 30 years
26%
An older person has x__ more chance to develop cancer as a younger person
x11
Risk factors for type 2 diabetes
High BP
Obesity
Family History
Lack of exercise
Over 45
African American, Indian, or Pacific islander
Frailness details
Can effect psychological, physical, and cognitive domains
Underweight BMI under 18.5
Predictive of falls, hospitalization
Fit older adult standards
Gaitspeed 1.2m/s
TUG under 10 seconds
30s chair rise 15+
Mildly Frail
Gaitspeed 0.8-1.2m/s
TUG 10-15s
30s Chair rise 8-15
Moderately frail
0.5-0.8m/s gait speed
TUG 15-20s
30 second chair rise Under 8
Severely frail
Gaitspeed under 0.5m/s
TUG over 20
30s rise from chair: unable
At what stage fraility may someone modify getting up from floor?
Mild fraility
What what stage fraility is someone difficulty or unable to get up from floor
moderate fraility
A stroke reduces mobility in ____ of stroke survivors over 65
Half
What is the leading cause of longterm disability
Stroke
Stroke risk factors
Age
Diabetes
HBP
Smoking
Cholesterol
Heart Disease
F.A.S.T stroke acronym
Face
Arms
Speech
Time
UTI is more common in…
Women
__% of women 65+ have had a UTI within the last 12 months
10%
What is the second leading cause of hospital accquired infection
Pneumonia
Older adults Pneumonia stats
How much more likely to get pneumonia?
How much more likely to be hospitalized for pneumonia?
Older adults are x4 as likely to have pneumonia and x5 more likely to be hospitalized
Pneumonia has a __% morality rate
33%
Leads to 50% of all sepsis
Occurs in roughly 8-10% of all hospital admissions
Ageism is associated with an earlier death, approximately _ years
7.5
The term _____ is prefered over senior citizen
Older Adult
