Lecture 1 Flashcards
Young adulthood age range?
18-22/25
Adolescence age range?
11-18
What is the Erickson stage of adolescence?
Identity vs confusion
The adolescence period begins with ___ and ends with ___
Begins with sexual maturity and ends with cessitation of growth
When do people develop more sophisticated reasoning ability and abstract thinking
Adolescence
Puberty/Pre-adolescence is marked by
rapid physical growth
and development of secondary sex characteristics
Puberty/Pre-Adolescence age ranges
Males: 9-11
Females: 8-10
The onset of puberty occurs due to
gonadal hormone changes
Puberty in women ends with the onset of
Menses
Females: menarche at age 12-13
Males: production of sperm
What are the four major changes in puberty?
Primary sex characteristics
secondary sex characteristics
rapid physical growth
change in body proportions
Factors that affect timing of puberty
Stress
Genetics
Socioeconomic status
Environmental toxins
Nutrition exercise diet
Fat and bodyweight
Chronic ilness
Female athletes might have a ____ menarche
Delayed menarche and menstural irregularities
Pubertal maturation in girls occurs when
establishment of cyclic ovarian cycle
Puberty is _______ to the prenatal period as the
phase of most rapid growth
Second to
Growth spurt bodypart order?
Feet -> Legs -> Trunk
How much height and weight do boys gain in puberty?
4-12 inches
15-65 pounds
How much height and weight do girls gain in puberty
2-8 inches
15-65 pounds
Girls: ceases growth between
_____ years of age; reach 98% of final height by age __
Between 16-17
Final height by: 17
Boys: continue to grow in
height up to ______ years of age; reach 98% of final height
by age ___
18-20
Final height by age 18.
Body mass index by age?
Underweight <5%
Healthy weight 5%-85%
Overweight 85-95%
Obese 95%+
BMI ranges?
Underweight: 18.5
Normal weight: 18.5-24.9
Overweight 25-29.9
Obese: 30+
At the face, the ____ reaches adult size first
Nose
____ grow faster than muscles during puberty, leading to motor awkwardness
bones
Bone growth stops at approximately __ years old for girls
18
Bone growth stops at approximately __ years old for boys
21
All epiphysial plates are typically closed by
25
Skeletal maturity is attained when the __________
close
Epiphysial plates close
A fracture across a growth plate can lead to ________ growth of that joint
asymmetric
Episphyseal closure begins in childhood
Cranial bones fuse:
Fusion of vertebral arches:
Fusion at lumbar spine:
Cranial bones: By 2 years old
Vertebral arches: In first year of life
Lumbar spine: By 6 Y/O
On average, females stop growing around age
13-15
On average, Males stop growing around age
15-17
For most people height will not increase after age __ to __ due to the closure in the growth plates of long bones
18-20
Bone is ________ through much of adolescence
Immature
* Unstable Physys
* More porous with thick periosteum
How do you measure skeletal maturity?
compare ossification amount
on x-ray with standard
Adult muscle diameter reached in _____
Early teens 12-15
As the body grows, what increases first?
Muscle endurance
Muscle mass
Muscle strength
Muscle mass
Strength increases _______ with age from childhood
through adolescence
Linearly
In girls, strength levels off at age
15
In boys, strength gains accelerate between ages
13-20
For adolesence HR is ____ during max and submax exercise
Higher
For adolesence Stroke volume is ____ during max and submax exercise
Lower
Normal Respiratory rate of adolesence?
16-24
Normal BPM of adolesence?
60-90
Adjusted for mass, cardiac output is ______ in children and teens
Higher
In teens, Blood pressure is ____ at rest, with a systolic slope that is less dramatic with exercise
Lower
Adolescence produce _____ metabolic heat/mass unit during physical activities than adults
More
Therefore at increased risk of cold-injuries due to heat loss
Why are adolesence at a higher risk of high-heat injuries?
Lower sweating capacity due to fewer sweat
glands
Exercise Perscription for adolescence
3-5x per week
50-85% of VO2 max
40-50% in deconditioned individuals
Time 30-60 mins
Adolesence psychosocial key points
- need for privacy
- Social antagonism
- resent supervision and directions
- struggle for independence
- wish to be free from restrictions and parental control
- Often becomes negative in their attitudes
- Self-concious about their bodies
Children develop their own self-concepts: question and test out values
and beliefs during what developmental stage?
Adolesence
Which teen years does this describe?:
Most self-centered, seen from their point of view
Value peer’s opinions with the stereotypical adolescent preoccupations
Young Teen 13-14
Which teen years does this describe?:
Better at compromising, more tolerant of others’ views
Think more independently and make more of their own decision
Risk-taking behaviors, with a focus on the present and denial of consequence
Dating begins
Middle teens 15-16
Which teen years does this describe?
Develop a sense of seriousness
Ends when they take on adult work roles, marry, or become parents
Late teens 17-18
Between what ages does this develop?
increasingly capable of thinking
hypothetically, applying formal logic, and using
abstract concepts
* More relative and less absolute
* More self-reflective
* Capable of considering an extended time perspective
Age 11-14
Small ____ in self-esteem have been documented during the second decade of life
* Initial ______ in early adolescence, particularly among girls
* Low self-esteem associated with depression
Gains
Decline
Self-esteem affected by personal judgment of:
- Physical attractiveness, particularly among girls
- Acceptance by peers
- Academic competence
- Athletic ability and conduct
During adolescence: perceived support from parents and peers is associated with
adolescent self-esteem
________ takes on increasing importance during this period
Peer Support
Suicide is the __ cause of death amongst youth and young adults
3rd
Depression can be masked by Masked by anxiety, eating disorders, substance abuse, and _____
Hyperactivity
End of high school – ___% have had sexual intercourse
48%
Condom use amongst adolesence: __%
57%
RED-S was formerly known as
Female athlete triad
