Lecture 2 Flashcards
“Middle age” age range?
40-65
“Adulthood” Age range?
22-40
What age is advanced materal age?
35
What is erickson’s stage of midlife?
Generativity vs stagnation
_______________ involves reaching out to others in ways that give to and guide the next generation
Although parenting is a major means of realizing
___________, it is not the only means
generativity
The definition of a midlife crisis is a period of
transition in life where someone struggles with
their identity and self-confidence. It happens
anywhere from _________________ years old and
affects men and women.
40-60 years old
In mid-life vision is affected by ________ – loss of accommodative ability of the lens. Reading glasses may be needed
Presbyopia
Vision changes in middle adulthood?
Reduced vision in dim light
Increased sensitivity to glare
Diminished color discrimination
Risk of glaucoma increases
Presbycusis means what?
age-related hearing loss, begins with a
decline in detection of high frequencies and then
spreads to other tones
In middle age, The ability to distinguish sounds occurring in _____________ declines and eventually human speech
becomes harder to decipher
close succession
Muscle strength declines at age __
30
Each decade, _% of muscle mass is lost
5%
Leading to increased muscle strains
LE muscular strength reduced by __% between ages 30-80
40%
Body composition changes in middle age
Muscle mass declines
Decreased strength & endurance
Fat deposits increase
A low-fat diet with regular exercise, including resistance
training can offset excess weight and muscle loss
Osteoporosis definition
severe age related bone loss
Osteoporosis effects __% of adults over 50, mainly women
10%
approximately 10 million people
From middle to late adulthood, osteoporosis increases _____ in women,, and _____ in men
fivefold in women (from 7 to 35 %)
triples in men (from 3 to 11 %)
True or false: Osteoporosis may not be evident until a fracture occurs
True
Osteoporosis typically causes fractures where?
Fractures typically occur in the spine, hips, and/or wrist
To treat osteoporosis, doctors recommend:
A diet enriched with calcium and vitamin D
Weight bearing exercise
Resistance training
Bone strengthening medications
When does coordination decline?
30
Varies among individuals: More physically active adults may not experience as significant of a decline
Age related change to vestibular system happens when?
40
- Decreased number of
sensory cells and
nerve fibers in the
peripheral nervous
system - Neural changes
possible in the
vestibular nerve
Common issues for over 50:
Dizziness and vertigo
Age related changes to vestibular system: * __% reduction in hair cells and __% reduction in
peripheral nerve fibers in adults over 70
40% reduction in hair cells
36% reduction in periphreal nerve fibers
As you age you have: _______ thresholds of excitation of vestibular nuclei
increased
Which causes poor balance
Menopause is divided into three basic stages
Perimenopause -> menopause -> Post Menopause
Vestibular system becomes______ when visual and proprioceptive input conflicts
unreliable
The perimenopause or pre-menopause stage occurs about _______ years before menopause
3-5
Most females begin to experience symptoms of perimenopause in their mid to late __. It is rare to notice symptoms prior to age __
40s
What menopause stage is this?
During this stage, estrogen and progesterone levels begin to fluctuate. Individuals may begin to experience mood changes, irregular menstrual cycles and other menopausal symptoms.
Perimenopause
During this stage, it’s still possible to get pregnant, so continuing a form of birth control is important.
Menopause is defined as
the absence of menses for 12 straight
months without other causes, such as illness, medication or pregnancy.
The average age of menopause is __, but the age can vary greatly. Some enter this stage in their mid-forties and others not until
mid-fifties.
51
What menopause stage is this?
Signals the end of the female’s
reproductive years. While the ovaries produce low levels of estrogen and progesterone, females will no longer ovulate or menstruate.
Individuals may
continue to have the same symptoms they experienced during the other stages for many years, but it gets better overtime
Post menopause
Females in post menopause are at an increased risk of ____________________ due to the decrease in estrogen.
Heart disease and osteoporosis
Menopause symptoms often can be managed by ____
If symptoms are intense enough to disrupt quality of life, then you might need ____
Diet, Exercise, or lifestyle modifications
Hormone replacement therapy or other medications
________ refers to the
symptoms men
experience as their
testosterone production
levels decrease with age.
andropause
After the age of __,
testosterone levels start
to decline and the
symptoms associated with
andropause begin to
manifest
40
Heart Disease is the _______ most common cause of death in people between 45 to 64 yrs
second
About __% of middle age Americans die
from cardiovascular disease
25%
What 3 condiitons are often referred to as the “silent killers” of cardiovascular disease b/c they have often have no symptoms
Atherosclerosis
High blood pressure
High cholesterol
What is the average blood pressure of an adult over 65
150/85
ARE WE SURE ABOUT THIS
Leading cause of death among people ages 45 to 64 is what?
Cancer
What is the most common cancer in females?
In males?
Breast Cancer
Prostate Cancer
What are the 2nd and 3rd most common cancers in both genders?
- Lungs
- Colon
From early to middle adulthood, the death rate due to cancer multiples _______, accounting for about __ percent of all midlife deaths in the US.
tenfold
30%
