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Clinical School Psychology > lecture 3 > Flashcards

lecture 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some common symptoms of concussions?

A

Transient cognitive impairment (confusion, poor concentration, amnesia, loss of consciousness), headache, nasuea, sensory difficulty, irritability, emotion dysregulation

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2
Q

What are some risk factors for TBI

A

male, low SES, impulsivity

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3
Q

What is a TBI?

A

change in brain function that manifests as confusion, b/hr change, altered consciousness, coma, neurophsychological deficts or acute sensory or motor neurological defict that results from blunt or penetrating force to the head.

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4
Q

What are the two types of damage?

A

Focal and Diffuse-caused by different types of impacts

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5
Q

What is a focal type of damage

A

caused by movement across a straight line-brain slams into point of contact and rebounds against opposing point of contact.-sig tissue damage without loss of consciousness

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6
Q

What is a diffused TBI?

A

caused by rotational force producing a swirling motion in brain (destroys axonal tissue-happens when striking broad object like dashboard-widespread damage affecting deeper brain areas than focal)

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7
Q

What are the 3 types of TBI?

A

mild, moderate, severe

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8
Q

What is secondary damage in TBI

A

brain swelling at site of trauma restricting blood flow to brain causing cell death which can spread to neighboring cells-a mild TBI can become more severe with time

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9
Q

What is hypoxia

A

less than necessary oxygen supply for normal cellular function and can lead to brain damage

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10
Q

Who has a greater probability of diffuse injury?

A

Children due to bigger more flexible heads and weaker neck muscles.

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11
Q

Why is the impact of TBI on young brains complicated?

A

because young brains are more plastic and can better adapt to brain damage but can cause severe developmental issues

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12
Q

What area of the brain is most susceptible to damage

A

Frontal lobe (Dorsolateral and Orbitofrontal)

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13
Q

What is the dorsolateral prefrontal cotrex involved in?

A

Problem solving, EF

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14
Q

are effects of damage to the dorsolateral PFC always immediate

A

no because of development

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15
Q

What can damage to the Orbiotofrontal Cortex impact?

A

social/emotional development-inhibiting the ability to read social cues and self regulate causing internal and external b/hrs

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16
Q

What is emotion?

A

Two integrated processes the appraisal (early warning system and the action preparation, manning the stations

17
Q

What is emotional regulation

A

Adaptive changes in emotion to specific situation

18
Q

Emotional Dysregulation

A

Maladaptive changes in emotion related to specific situation-salient features in many PSP

19
Q

Inappropriate emotion expression can be

A

Risk factor for later issues and due to poor social awareness, disregard for social rules, inability to regulate expression

20
Q

What is emotional unresponsivieness?

A

Flat affect (associated with negative outcomes)

21
Q

Abnormal changes of emotion are common in?

A

infants and children with ADHD, internalizing symptoms, and bullies

22
Q

Emotional liability (emotional instability) is common in youth with

A

comorbid internalizing and externalizing disorder, depression aggression, anxiety

23
Q

What are some possible contributing factors to Emotional change

A

Normal development, temperament, parent child relationship, parent PSP, abuse, genetics

24
Q

What are two i words associated with a wide range of PSP

A

inattention and impulsivity (substance use, gambling, antisocial behavior and ADHD)

25
Q

What are the other names ADHD has been called?

A

Minimal brain damage, hyperkinetic reaction of childhood, hyperkinesis, minimal brain dysfunction, ADD, ADHD

26
Q

What are the core symptoms of ADHD

A

Attention (associated with academic problems and other issues) and Hyperactivity-impulsivity (heighten value for reward) and impulsivity: difficulty inhibiting a primed behavior

27
Q

What are some ways ADHD manifests in schools

A

excessive activity leve, difficulty staying seated, always touching something, excessive talking, plays noisily, acts without thinking, interrupts others, difficulty following rules

28
Q

What are the developmental milestones of ADHD

A

impulsivity first at age 3 to 4 and inattention age 5 yo 7

29
Q

What are some things that make ADHD symptomolgy more obvious

A

later in the day, task complexity, need for restraint, low level of stimulation, intermittent schedule of consequences, longer delay of reinforcement, low adult supervision

30
Q

What are two major theories of ADHD

A

Top-down (cognitive control theories) and Bottom up (motivational/energetic factors

31
Q

What does Barkley’s theory focus on (top down)

A

role of self-regulation (poor inhibition negatively impacts self regulation, nonverbal working memory, verbal working memory, reconstitution

32
Q

What type of adhd is most likely to other comorbities

A

Combined type (CD, ODD, SUD, Anxiety and mood)

33
Q

What are some health outcoms ADHD kids suffer from

A

accident proneness and injury, sleep problems

34
Q

What are some functional problems of ADHD

A

motor coordination difficulties, underproductivity in academics, reduced intelligence, social problems

35
Q

What area of the brain is impacted by ADHD

A

prefrontal cortex (underactivation, decreased blood flow in the prefrontal regions, diminished glucose metabolism, abnormal dopamine activity)

36
Q

What neurotransmitter is associated with ADHD

A

Dopamine-medication increases noradrenergic activity which is associated with increase concentration

37
Q

What is the heritability coefficient for adhd

A

.70 (likely due to genes for dopamine and serotonin among others)

38
Q

What are some environmental risks and triggers

A

inadequate schooling, rapid social tempo, family stress, low birth weight, prenatal exposure to teratogens

39
Q
A

Clinical School Psychology (5 decks)

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