lecture 2 Flashcards
What is impulsivity?
lact of age appropriate self-regulation and can lead to academic and behavior issues.
What is the foundation of several externalizing disorders like substance abuse, CD, ADHD, ASPD?
Trait impulsivity
What do some theories of early impulsivity trait focus on?
Mesolimbic dopamine system which may later impact the prefrontal cortex and EF-low levels of DA account for increased impulsivity
What is one of the most highly heritable traits of all b/hr traits
Impulsivity
What Chromosome has been identified as possibly associated with ADHD?
Chromosome 16
What are some traits of inhibition?
slow to warm up and cautious, strong genetic component more susceptible to internalizing disorders
What are risk factors that coupled with impulsivity have been associated with the development of PSP?
Bad Parenting (Nagging and explosive discipine practices) child abuse, neighborhood factors
How can early illegal drug use and/or stress exposure impact DA expression?
Lowering normal level of DA and suppressing strength of connections between mesolimbic and PFC
How does stress exposure impact learning?
reduces motivation for boring information, reduce efficient in learning, compromised EF
What are temperments?
consistent pattern of global behaviors/responses that are found early in life and make us susceptible to cognitive biases. They are based on heritability and environment.
What has research shown us about the amygdala activation?
Infants with higher amygdala activation tend to be more inhibited (higher rates of anxious activity_ association with amygdala activation and moral guilt
A hypersenstized amygdala-hippocampal pathways can lead to
children who experience high levels of anxiety or uncertainty
What has an understated impact on our psychological and physical well-being?
The SRS
How is Conditional Adaption an evolutionary perspective?
Stressful situations should not impair the SRS but adapt towards a functioning that is more adaptive to the stressful environment and believed to incrrease biological fitness (like PTSD)-
Remember evolution does not care about
your well-being-it cares about reproductive success
How does the SRS system work?
The Parasympathetic (PNS) withdraws leaving the Sympathetic (SNS) system to do its work. Epinephrine and norepinephrine is secreted and the LHPA produces cortisol occurs within 5 minutes and peaks in about 10 minutes and can last for several hours
What effects does cortisol have?
mobiles the physiological and psychological resources and counter regulates the physiological effects of SNS activation and helps in stress recovery.
From an ACM (Adaptive Calibration Model) Perspective what are the 3 main biological functions of SRS
Coordination of allostatic response, encode and filter environmental info, regulate life history-relevant traits
SRS works as a mechanisms of what?
Conditional adaption
What modifies later stress response in an ACM perspective?
Activation of the SRS during early development
What does SRS function as?
an amplifier or filter of environmental information
What are the 4 pattern types of the ACM
Sensitive Pattern, Buffered pattern, vigilant pattern, and unemotional pattern
describe the sensitive pattern
develops in safe predictable conditions and high stress increases openness to social and physical environments (High LHPA and PNS, moderate SNS responsivity
Describe the buffered patter
moderate environmental stress-low anxiety, aggression and risk taking
Describe the vigilant pattern
stressful environment, High SNS reactivity, high attention for threat related cues
Unemotional patter
develops in severe stress, blunted stress responsivity
What is the allostatic load model
The body is always adjusting the stressors
What are teratogens
agent that cause birth defects by altering normal development
Describe bheavioral teartogens
negatively impact nervous system but does not have phsyical impact and affects may not be apparent at birth and develops later
What can Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder lead to ?
Cog disability, growth deficiency, dysmorphic facial features, CNS dysfunction
What are the mental health outcomes of FASD?
increase emotional and behavioral problems, rate of cog disability, rate of internalizing problems.
What are the mental health outcomes of FASD?
Increase emotional and b/hr problems, increase rate of cog disability, increase rate of internalizing problems
what are some of the most common disorders associated with FASD
ADHD, ODD, CD and FASD is overrepresented in criminal justice system (Disruptive b/hrs)
What are some moderators and mediators implicated in negative FASD outcomes?
Maternal psychopathology, home placement, parent-child interaction, parental supervision
What is the most common effect of nicotine teratogene?
increase in antisocial/delinquent b/hrs and ADHD
what is the difference between a mediator and moderator?
Mediator explains the relationship and moderator influences the relationship
