lecture 2

Question 1

What is impulsivity?

Answer 1

lact of age appropriate self-regulation and can lead to academic and behavior issues.

Question 2

What is the foundation of several externalizing disorders like substance abuse, CD, ADHD, ASPD?

Answer 2

Trait impulsivity

Question 3

What do some theories of early impulsivity trait focus on?

Answer 3

Mesolimbic dopamine system which may later impact the prefrontal cortex and EF-low levels of DA account for increased impulsivity

Question 4

What is one of the most highly heritable traits of all b/hr traits

Answer 4

Impulsivity

Question 5

What Chromosome has been identified as possibly associated with ADHD?

Answer 5

Chromosome 16

Question 6

What are some traits of inhibition?

Answer 6

slow to warm up and cautious, strong genetic component more susceptible to internalizing disorders

Question 7

What are risk factors that coupled with impulsivity have been associated with the development of PSP?

Answer 7

Bad Parenting (Nagging and explosive discipine practices) child abuse, neighborhood factors

Question 8

How can early illegal drug use and/or stress exposure impact DA expression?

Answer 8

Lowering normal level of DA and suppressing strength of connections between mesolimbic and PFC

Question 9

How does stress exposure impact learning?

Answer 9

reduces motivation for boring information, reduce efficient in learning, compromised EF

Question 10

What are temperments?

Answer 10

consistent pattern of global behaviors/responses that are found early in life and make us susceptible to cognitive biases. They are based on heritability and environment.

Question 11

What has research shown us about the amygdala activation?

Answer 11

Infants with higher amygdala activation tend to be more inhibited (higher rates of anxious activity_ association with amygdala activation and moral guilt

Question 12

A hypersenstized amygdala-hippocampal pathways can lead to

Answer 12

children who experience high levels of anxiety or uncertainty

Question 13

What has an understated impact on our psychological and physical well-being?

Answer 13

The SRS

Question 14

How is Conditional Adaption an evolutionary perspective?

Answer 14

Stressful situations should not impair the SRS but adapt towards a functioning that is more adaptive to the stressful environment and believed to incrrease biological fitness (like PTSD)-

Question 15

Remember evolution does not care about

Answer 15

your well-being-it cares about reproductive success

Question 16

How does the SRS system work?

Answer 16

The Parasympathetic (PNS) withdraws leaving the Sympathetic (SNS) system to do its work. Epinephrine and norepinephrine is secreted and the LHPA produces cortisol occurs within 5 minutes and peaks in about 10 minutes and can last for several hours

Question 17

What effects does cortisol have?

Answer 17

mobiles the physiological and psychological resources and counter regulates the physiological effects of SNS activation and helps in stress recovery.

Question 18

From an ACM (Adaptive Calibration Model) Perspective what are the 3 main biological functions of SRS

Answer 18

Coordination of allostatic response, encode and filter environmental info, regulate life history-relevant traits

Question 19

SRS works as a mechanisms of what?

Answer 19

Conditional adaption

Question 20

What modifies later stress response in an ACM perspective?

Answer 20

Activation of the SRS during early development

Question 21

What does SRS function as?

Answer 21

an amplifier or filter of environmental information

Question 22

What are the 4 pattern types of the ACM

Answer 22

Sensitive Pattern, Buffered pattern, vigilant pattern, and unemotional pattern

Question 23

describe the sensitive pattern

Answer 23

develops in safe predictable conditions and high stress increases openness to social and physical environments (High LHPA and PNS, moderate SNS responsivity

Question 24

Describe the buffered patter

Answer 24

moderate environmental stress-low anxiety, aggression and risk taking

Question 25

Describe the vigilant pattern

Answer 25

stressful environment, High SNS reactivity, high attention for threat related cues

Question 26

Unemotional patter

Answer 26

develops in severe stress, blunted stress responsivity

Question 27

What is the allostatic load model

Answer 27

The body is always adjusting the stressors

Question 28

What are teratogens

Answer 28

agent that cause birth defects by altering normal development

Question 29

Describe bheavioral teartogens

Answer 29

negatively impact nervous system but does not have phsyical impact and affects may not be apparent at birth and develops later

Question 30

What can Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder lead to ?

Answer 30

Cog disability, growth deficiency, dysmorphic facial features, CNS dysfunction

Question 31

What are the mental health outcomes of FASD?

Answer 31

increase emotional and behavioral problems, rate of cog disability, rate of internalizing problems.

Question 32

What are the mental health outcomes of FASD?

Answer 32

Increase emotional and b/hr problems, increase rate of cog disability, increase rate of internalizing problems

Question 33

what are some of the most common disorders associated with FASD

Answer 33

ADHD, ODD, CD and FASD is overrepresented in criminal justice system (Disruptive b/hrs)

Question 34

What are some moderators and mediators implicated in negative FASD outcomes?

Answer 34

Maternal psychopathology, home placement, parent-child interaction, parental supervision

Question 35

What is the most common effect of nicotine teratogene?

Answer 35

increase in antisocial/delinquent b/hrs and ADHD

Question 36

what is the difference between a mediator and moderator?

Answer 36

Mediator explains the relationship and moderator influences the relationship