lecture 1 Flashcards
What is a mental disorder?
A syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in individual’s cognition, emotion regulation ore behavior that reflects dysfunction in psychological, biological or developmental processes underlying mental functioning.
What is Developmental Psychopathology?
DP is the interplay b/w inner and outer forces in the development of adaptive and maladaptive b/hrs.
Is psychopathology predestined?
No but is based on a developmental pathway with genetic, ecological, and epigenetic factors influencing its development.
What are the core factors of DP?
research on normal and maladaptive functioning. examines development of traits, behavioral patterns, emotional responses, and disorders. include various perspectives. examine risk and protective factors. complex model. imporantance of social and cultural functioning and impact on human functioning.
What is differentiating pathways?
Equifinality: arriving at the same disorder using different branches. Multi-finality: Same risk factor leading to different outcomes
What are the three main principles of DP?
- differentiating pathways, internal factors matter, the brain is not ignored.
What was the first comprehensive attempt to classify mental illness.
DSM-1 1952-strongly influenced by Adolph Meyer and before freudian thought was popular. largely ignored child psp
Multi-axial system
major pyschiatric symptoms, personality disorders, physical conditions important to understanding functioning, psychosocial and Environmental Stressors, GAF-overall severity
Aim is to provide comprehensive and holistic understanding of mental health
DSMIII-R 1987
created in part due to controversy over the use of exclusion criterion.
Why was DSM-IV published
need for DSM to be consistent with International Classification of Disease (ICD)-more research based than the DSM-III-R.
What updates are in the DSM-5 and DSM-5-TR
coordinated effort by APA, WHO, NIMH. based on an iterative process, more scientifically based
What are some main criticisms of the DSM System?
Problems with construct validity, Heterogeneity within diagnostic classes (equifinality), categorical (either have it or don’t), lack of emphasis on cultural or contextual issues.
What is Risk?
factors that increase the likelihood of negative developmental outcome in a specific population.
What is vulnerability?
endogenous characteristic of the individual that increases the likelihood of psychopathology (Genetics, temperament, emotional lability, etc.)
What Risk factor?
An exogenous agent of characteristics of the envirnoment-compotonent of risk
What is Resiliency?
positive adaption despite significant experiences of adversity
What are protective factors?
personal and interpersonal factors
What is the transactional model of stress?
impact of stressors on an individual is moderated by perception and regulatory abilities
how is stress viewed in chid and adolescent psychopathology?
Environmental perspective
How is the impact of stressors on mental health?
Largely non specific-stressors do not lead to one particular disorder
What is allostatic load?
the waer and tear on the child’s biological and psychological system based on repeated exposure to severe stress?
What is coping
dynamic and purposeful process where the person who is feeling overwhelmed, taxed, or exceeding their own resources will do to alleivate the feeling
What are the most common reasons for substantiation of child abuse and neglect?
Neglect 76.1%, Physical Abuse 16.5%, Other 10%, Sexual Abuse 9.4%, Emotional Abuse 8%
What are the risk factors for child abuse?
Caregiver alcohol abuse, domestic Violence, caregiver drug abuse, financial problems, inadequate housing, public assistance, any caregiver disability
Children who are victims of abuse are at increased risk of:
ADHD, CD, ODD, Delinquency, Antisocial b/hrs, MDD, Anxiety Disorders, PTSD
As adults, victims of child maltreatment are at an increased risk of ?
Borderline Personality Disorder, Suicides, Self-harm
Maltreatment can impact which brain regions and how do these brain changes affect children
Hippocampus, Corpus callosum, PRC, cerebellum. and children tend to be hyperattentive to anger cues
What are some of the moderators of maltreatment impact?
Maltreatment type, maltreatment chronicity, developmental timing, individual characteristics, environment
