lecture 1

Question 1

What is a mental disorder?

Answer 1

A syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in individual’s cognition, emotion regulation ore behavior that reflects dysfunction in psychological, biological or developmental processes underlying mental functioning.

Question 2

What is Developmental Psychopathology?

Answer 2

DP is the interplay b/w inner and outer forces in the development of adaptive and maladaptive b/hrs.

Question 3

Is psychopathology predestined?

Answer 3

No but is based on a developmental pathway with genetic, ecological, and epigenetic factors influencing its development.

Question 4

What are the core factors of DP?

Answer 4

research on normal and maladaptive functioning. examines development of traits, behavioral patterns, emotional responses, and disorders. include various perspectives. examine risk and protective factors. complex model. imporantance of social and cultural functioning and impact on human functioning.

Question 5

What is differentiating pathways?

Answer 5

Equifinality: arriving at the same disorder using different branches. Multi-finality: Same risk factor leading to different outcomes

Question 6

What are the three main principles of DP?

Answer 6

1. differentiating pathways, internal factors matter, the brain is not ignored.

Question 7

What was the first comprehensive attempt to classify mental illness.

Answer 7

DSM-1 1952-strongly influenced by Adolph Meyer and before freudian thought was popular. largely ignored child psp

Question 8

Multi-axial system

Answer 8

major pyschiatric symptoms, personality disorders, physical conditions important to understanding functioning, psychosocial and Environmental Stressors, GAF-overall severity
Aim is to provide comprehensive and holistic understanding of mental health

Question 9

DSMIII-R 1987

Answer 9

created in part due to controversy over the use of exclusion criterion.

Question 10

Why was DSM-IV published

Answer 10

need for DSM to be consistent with International Classification of Disease (ICD)-more research based than the DSM-III-R.

Question 11

What updates are in the DSM-5 and DSM-5-TR

Answer 11

coordinated effort by APA, WHO, NIMH. based on an iterative process, more scientifically based

Question 12

What are some main criticisms of the DSM System?

Answer 12

Problems with construct validity, Heterogeneity within diagnostic classes (equifinality), categorical (either have it or don’t), lack of emphasis on cultural or contextual issues.

Question 13

What is Risk?

Answer 13

factors that increase the likelihood of negative developmental outcome in a specific population.

Question 14

What is vulnerability?

Answer 14

endogenous characteristic of the individual that increases the likelihood of psychopathology (Genetics, temperament, emotional lability, etc.)

Question 15

What Risk factor?

Answer 15

An exogenous agent of characteristics of the envirnoment-compotonent of risk

Question 16

What is Resiliency?

Answer 16

positive adaption despite significant experiences of adversity

Question 17

What are protective factors?

Answer 17

personal and interpersonal factors

Question 18

What is the transactional model of stress?

Answer 18

impact of stressors on an individual is moderated by perception and regulatory abilities

Question 19

how is stress viewed in chid and adolescent psychopathology?

Answer 19

Environmental perspective

Question 20

How is the impact of stressors on mental health?

Answer 20

Largely non specific-stressors do not lead to one particular disorder

Question 21

What is allostatic load?

Answer 21

the waer and tear on the child’s biological and psychological system based on repeated exposure to severe stress?

Question 22

What is coping

Answer 22

dynamic and purposeful process where the person who is feeling overwhelmed, taxed, or exceeding their own resources will do to alleivate the feeling

Question 23

What are the most common reasons for substantiation of child abuse and neglect?

Answer 23

Neglect 76.1%, Physical Abuse 16.5%, Other 10%, Sexual Abuse 9.4%, Emotional Abuse 8%

Question 24

What are the risk factors for child abuse?

Answer 24

Caregiver alcohol abuse, domestic Violence, caregiver drug abuse, financial problems, inadequate housing, public assistance, any caregiver disability

Question 25

Children who are victims of abuse are at increased risk of:

Answer 25

ADHD, CD, ODD, Delinquency, Antisocial b/hrs, MDD, Anxiety Disorders, PTSD

Question 26

As adults, victims of child maltreatment are at an increased risk of ?

Answer 26

Borderline Personality Disorder, Suicides, Self-harm

Question 27

Maltreatment can impact which brain regions and how do these brain changes affect children

Answer 27

Hippocampus, Corpus callosum, PRC, cerebellum. and children tend to be hyperattentive to anger cues

Question 28

What are some of the moderators of maltreatment impact?

Answer 28

Maltreatment type, maltreatment chronicity, developmental timing, individual characteristics, environment