Lecture 3 Flashcards
What are the 3 R’s of laboratory animal ethics?
-Replacement
-Reduction
-Refinement
What does Replacement mean in terms of lab animal ethics?
Methods which avoid or replace the use of animals where they would’ve been used.
What does Reduction mean in terms of lab animal ethics?
Any strategy that will result in fewer animals being used while still holding statistical power
What does Refinement mean in terms of lab animal ethics?
The modification of animal husbandry or experimental procedures to minimize pain, stress, and distress beyond normal protocols
What happened in 1964 that sparked public outcry on the welfare of production animals?
Animal Machines was published by Ruth Harrison, which described the bad living conditions of farm animals
What was formed in response to the public reaction of Animal Machines?
The Brambell Committee
What did the Brambell Committee do to advance animal welfare?
Published the Brambell Report, which outlined the basic ethical and biological principles for animal husbandry
What did William Thorpe (an ethologist) propose?
That animals have biological needs that must be met and understood to provide proper animal care
What were the 5 freedoms of Brambell?
-Turn around
- Stand up
- Lie down
- Stretch their limbs
- Groom themselves
What was an important feature of welfare mentioned in the Brambell Committee?
That the feelings of animals based on scientific evidence must be taken into account
What were the 5 freedoms of Brambell updated to by the Farm Animal Welfare Council?
-Freedom from hunger/thirst
-Freedom from discomfort
-Freedom from pain, injury, and disease
-Freedom to express normal behaviour
-Freedom from fear and distress
Why are the 5 freedoms by the FAWC not really used anymore?
Because if an animal does not experience something physiological like hunger or thirst, there is no motivation to seek food or water
Which model is used primarily now for animal welfare in terms of needs?
The 5 Domains Model
What are the 5 domains of the 5 Domains Model?
- Nutrition
- Environment
- Health
- Behaviour
- Mental states
What qualities might be associated with the nutrition domain?
Water access, food access, malnutrition
What qualities might be associated with the environment domain?
Heat, cold, mud, dust, handling techniques, lack of space
What qualities might be associated with the health domain?
Diseases, injuries, functional limitations
What qualities might be associated with the behaviour domain?
Behavioural restrictions (not able to perform certain behaviours), interaction restrictions (no socialization)
What qualities might be associated with the mental state domain?
The subjective experience an animal has in a situation
When were animals recognized as sentient beings with the ability to experience feelings?
1997 in the Treaty of Amsterdam
What did FAWC propose in 2009 was needed for a high level of welfare?
To provide animals with the absence of negative experiences and the opportunity to have positive experiences
What is the difference between animal welfare and animal rights?
Animal welfare is rooted in science and is objective based on research. Animal rights is subjective and based on philosophical principles
What is the primary definition of animal welfare given by the World Organization for Animal Health?
How an animal is coping with the conditions in which it lives, measurable by objective data. Refers to the state of the animal
Why is animal welfare so important?
It is related to sustainability and food security where demand and population are increasing. Also involved in food safety, control of zoonoses and antimicrobial resistance
