HAI in Farm Production

Question 1

What type of interactions can happen between humans and animals?

Answer 1

-Tactile
-Visual
-Auditory
-Olfactory

Question 2

What can be the nature of HAI’s?

Answer 2

Positive
Neutral
Negative

Question 3

How can animals understand interactions?

Answer 3

They have the ability to memorize, learn, and associate situations and people with sensations

Question 4

What is fear?

Answer 4

An adaptive feeling associated with avoiding a source of danger for survival. Reduces welfare in farm animals.

Question 5

How can livestock fear affect humans?

Answer 5

It can cause increased reactivity and handling difficulties, leading to dangerous situations and decreased productivity

Question 6

How does animal behaviour affect human decision making?

Answer 6

Negative animal behaviours can lead to frustration and stress in the human handlers

Question 7

What 2 physiological indicators of stress can be used?

Answer 7

Cortisol levels
Neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio

Question 8

What was associated with the occurrence of negative handling?

Answer 8

-High reactivity
-High defecation-urination
-High dirtiness in perineal region
-Express undesirable behaviours
-Have accidents

Question 9

There is evidence that __________________ in handlers are associated with ______ in all main livestock species

Answer 9

Negative behaviours; fear

Question 10

What are some examples of negative human behaviours?

Answer 10

Hits and slaps
Fast movements
Noise
Kicking

Question 11

What conditions for broiler chickens led to less negative behaviour?

Answer 11

-Closed curtains (less light)
-Carrying each chicken around its abdomen and wings
-Carefully placing each chicken inside the crate raised 21cm from the ground

Question 12

What was found in pigs evaluated for handling stress?

Answer 12

-Animals with aversive reactions gain less weight
-Adrenal cortex area was higher with more aversive interactions
-Fewer interactions with observer when there was more aversive handling

Question 13

Are negative interactions usually intentional?

Answer 13

No, they are usually considered harmless due to lack of knowledge

Question 14

What is the difference between attitudes and behaviours?

Answer 14

Attitudes precede the behaviours and are modifiable

Question 15

What 3 cognitive elements produce behavioural intention?

Answer 15

1. Attitude toward the behaviour
2. Subjective norms
3. Perceived behavioural control

Question 16

What does “attitude toward the behaviour” mean?

Answer 16

A personal evaluation of the behaviour and its outcomes as positive or negative

Question 17

What does “subjective norms” mean?

Answer 17

The individuals perception of social pressures combined with their inclination to comply with such pressures

Question 18

What does “Perceived behavioural control” mean?

Answer 18

The perceived level of difficulty in performing the behaviour and the extent to which the individual has control over achieving the behaviour

Question 19

Are the 3 cognitive elements always consistent?

Answer 19

No, they vary depending on the situation and behaviours

Question 20

What are 3 attitudinal factors that are a product of salient beliefs?

Answer 20

1. Behavioural beliefs
2. Normative beliefs
3. Control beliefs

Question 21

What are Behavioural beliefs?

Answer 21

Beliefs about how the behaviour in question relates to particular outcomes

Question 22

What are normative beliefs?

Answer 22

Beliefs about how other people whose opinions matter to them would expect them to have

Question 23

What are control beliefs?

Answer 23

Beliefs about any factors that affect their control over successfully performing the behaviour (internal and external)

Question 24

Can attitudes be directly measured?

Answer 24

No, but they can be inferred from salient beliefs

Question 25

What are things that influence a persons work performance?

Answer 25

Opportunity
Capacity
Willingness

Question 26

The process of tempting behavioural change is complex and involves:

Answer 26

-Transmitting knowledge and skills
-Changing habits
-Addressing barriers commonly perceived for these changes
-Changing relevant beliefs (attitudes and behaviours)

Question 27

What things should training target?

Answer 27

-Recognizing the difference between positive and negative interactions
-Understanding animal behaviour
-Recognizing fear responses
-Understanding animal behaviour feedback responses to handling

Question 28

How can we improve human-animal interactions?

Answer 28

Stockpeople training and altering attitudes and behaviour

Question 29

What can be used as indicators of good quality handling?

Answer 29

-Animal behaviour
-Stockpeople behaviour
-Stockpeople attitudes

Question 30

What are examples of undesirable behaviours and accidents (UBA)?

Answer 30

-Jumping
-Lying down
-Bump on the facilities?
-Being trampled by another animal in the chute
-Return/balking
-Attack
-Falls

Question 31

What are the benefits of improving HAI?

Answer 31

-Stress reduction in animals and handlers
-Reduced risk of handler injury
-Reduced risk of animal injury
-Reduction of negative implications for production
-Work optimization