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Welfare > Lecture 14 - Animal Welfare Audits > Flashcards

Lecture 14 - Animal Welfare Audits Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three spheres of animal welfare?

A
  1. Biological functioning
  2. Natural living
  3. Affective state
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2
Q

What is included in the natural living sphere?

A
  • Environment
  • Social opportunities
  • Motivated behaviours
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3
Q

What is included in the biological functioning sphere?

A
  • Health
  • Nutrition
  • Disease
  • Injury
  • Hygiene
  • Mortality
  • Performance
  • Production
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4
Q

What is included in the affective state sphere?

A
  • Pain
  • Stress
  • Fear
  • Frustration
  • Pleasure
  • Comfort
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5
Q

Definition of animal welfare audit

A

Certification programs set standards and guidelines for the humane care of various livestock species such as cattle, swine, sheep, and poultry. Once a farm is certified, these programs will perform periodic audits to ensure compliance with the program

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6
Q

What are the stages of animal welfare audits?

A
  1. Guidelines standards are set
  2. Farm visit
  3. Does farm meet guidelines?
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7
Q

What is the goal of animal welfare audit programs?

A

To evaluate whether a farm is meeting the standards of the specific program. Every Animal Welfare Assurance Program has their own set of standards.

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8
Q

Why are animal welfare audit programs important?

A
  • They are a response to public concern over the welfare of food animals.
  • Animal welfare standards were developed.
  • Assuring the public that farm animals are cared for according to certain standards.
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9
Q

Can animal welfare audits and standards ensure good welfare?

A

No

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10
Q

Sometimes assessments are referred to as _____.

A

Audits

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11
Q

Assessment/Audit is conducted to provide ____ about the state of animal welfare on a specific farm under a specific program.

A

assurance - NOT GUARANTEE

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12
Q

Who is a first party auditor?

A

A person employed by the farm.

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13
Q

Who is a second party auditor?

A

A person or group affiliated with a company that is affected by the outcomes of company actions.

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14
Q

What is an example of a second party auditor?

A

ProAction (Canadian dairy)

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15
Q

What is a third party auditor?

A

A person or organization independent of the consumer-supplier relationship and is free of any conflict of interest.

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16
Q

What is an example of a third party auditor?

A

PAACO (Professional Animal Auditor Certification Organization) or SPCA Certified.

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17
Q

What type of auditor has a significant conflict of interest?

A

First party

18
Q

What are the formats of animal welfare assurance programs?

A
  • Non-mandatory welfare codes and guidelines
  • Regulations
  • Product differentiation (labelling) programs
  • Corporate specifications
19
Q

What are non-mandatory welfare codes and guidelines?

A
  • Recommendations based on science.
  • Earliest responses to animal welfare concerns.
  • Various groups can make codes, including industry groups, sometimes governments, multi-agency organizations.
20
Q

What are regulations?

A
  • Compliance with the law.
  • Federal and provincial levels.
21
Q

What is the federal level of regulations?

A
  • Health of Animals Act (Transport and Slaughter) enforced by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency.
  • Criminal Code (Criminal offences) enforced by the federal government.
22
Q

What is an example of a non-mandatory welfare code and guideline.

A

National Farm Animal Care Council (NFACC) made ProAction.

23
Q

What is the provincial level of regulations?

A

Animal protection law

24
Q

What are product differentiation programs?

A
  • Aka. Labelling programs
  • Labels products produced with a higher welfare standard.
  • Consumers may elect to purchase these products.
  • Typically sold at higher price than conventional products.
25
What are corporate specifications?
- Restaurants, grocery store chains, retailers developing programs and policies for animal welfare. - Assurance to their customers about the food they sell.
26
What is evaluated during an audit?
- Resources - Protocols - Animals
27
What is evaluated in resource based measures?
Looks at: - Food and water - Stocking density - Access to cool stuff (number of cows/brush) - Social environment - Outdoor access/protection from heat and cold. - Special needs housing.
28
Resource based measures definition?
They specify certain environmental requirements, identification of risk factors for animal-based measures.
29
Management based measures definition?
Identify certain actions that should be taken in specific circumstances (e.g., down cow, euthanasia).
30
Example of what to evaluate in dairy cattle.
- BCS - Cleanliness - Density - Locomotion - Stall length - Behaviour
31
What are evaluated in management based measures?
- Euthanasia - Painful procedures - Fitness for transport - Standard operating procedures (SOP)
32
Animal-based (outcome-based) measures definition.
Assesses actual state of welfare of the animal, without specifying how it should be achieved.
33
What are the key numerical animal based values in dairy cows?
- % lame animals - % poor body condition - % dirty animals (udder, legs, flank) - % injuries (hock, neck, knee, broken tails) - % abnormal behavior - % falling or vocalizing during handling
34
What are the values for gait scoring?
1. Normal 2. Mildly lame 3. Moderately lame 4. Lame 5. Severely lame
35
Cleanliness scoring
0 = Clean. No dirt or minor fresh or dried splashing present 1 = Dirty. An area of dirtiness at least palm size 2 = Very dirty. An area of dirtiness amounting to at least forearm length
36
Stall indices as measure of cow comfort
CCI: Cow Comfort Index - Proportion of cows touching the stall that are lying down SUI: Stall Use Index - The proportion of cows that are in the pen, not feeding, and that are lying down in the stalls
37
What does a stocking density of 120% indicate?
20% of cows cannot eat at the same time.
38
Animal behaviour observations
- Abnormal behaviour - % falling or vocalizing during handling
39
What does falling or vocalizing during handling indicate?
Handling quality
40
Which measures are unlikely to be observed in an audit?
Management based (euthanasia, painful procedures) because they are not done frequently.
41
What are the zone thresholds for animal based measures?
- Green: Meets excellent target. - Yellow: Corrective action plan recommended. - Red: Corrective action plan required. - Dark red: Corrective action plan and increased cattle assessments required.
42
How does the timing of assessments change if the farm is in the dark red zone?
The next cattle assessment will be due in 12 months with a larger sample size to assess if there has been improvement.

Welfare (16 decks)

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