Lecture 3

Question 1

goal of data science

Answer 1

use data science to understand compliance to infection prevention measures, about the psychological effects of coronavirus and the determinants

Question 2

framework van het model

Answer 2

person = node
takes dependence into account

Question 3

becon indicator =

Answer 3

the difference between the observed baseline contact network and the observed experimental contact network -> compare the two networks regarding their structure, and other characteristics.

Question 4

how to create a simulation study

Answer 4

1. create a true baseline contact network (actual contacts being formed between people in a group)
2. with effective intervention, the true experimental contact network would be more sparse (would cut some links throught the successful promotion of physical distancing).
3. network 1 and 2 are compared via a becon indicator.
4. measured: sparsity (how many links in network?)
5. ratio of sparsity of both networks = becon indicator

Question 5

advantages of becon

Answer 5

1. fast: je kan het effect gelijk zien, beter dan wachten op het aantal doden van ziekenhuizen
2. possible to experiment
3. without virus transmission: focus on behaviour that is key to transmit the virus, but a varius itself is not present to assess the effect of the intervention (dus veiliger)

Question 6

smart distance lab:

Answer 6

1. experimental design: in three days, they varied different factors
2. objective measure: social distancing sensor (sds): sensors would buzz if you would come into region of 1,5 m
3. contact network

bij art fair

Question 7

wat waren de findings van de smart distance lab

Answer 7

(bij een art fair)

1. number of contacts an individual with face masks and without were not different
2. buzzer worked well with good instructions
3. walking directions reduced number of contacts, vooral unidirectional walking directions

Question 8

ander experiment met distance

Answer 8

+ shopping carts that kept track of the amount of ppl in the store, green = little, orange = busy, red = wait.

+ test effect of rewards, if ppl kept their distance they would receive a reward after returning sensory (worked)

+ test walking directions

Question 9

wat was found when testing the walking directions

Answer 9

ppl made more contacts when the walking directions were implemented, which shows that transferring results from one context is not possible, context is belangrijk!!!

Question 10

direct =

Answer 10

directly measured behaviour, bv physical distance

Question 11

indirect =

Answer 11

bijvoorbeeld self rapportage

Question 12

experimental =

Answer 12

manipulation of factors

Question 13

observational =

Answer 13

no manipulation of factors

Question 14

mere measurement effect =

Answer 14

by only observing behaviour, people may already change their behaviour because they are feeling watched

Question 15

advantages of a simulation tov experiment

Answer 15

fast, cheap, allows testing of many configurations

Question 16

we need experiments still because…

Answer 16

human behaviour is complex
experiments measure the actual situation
simulations use many assumptions
simulation models need to be calibrated

Question 17

hoe ga je van question naar answer

Answer 17

question - simulation - research design - data collection - analysis - answer

Question 18

hoe ga je van answer weer terug naar question

Answer 18

calibrate simulations
develop new techniques
ability to answer new questions