Lecture 29+30

Question 1

screening vs diagnoses

Answer 1

screening is applied to asymptomatic people while diagnosis is applied to those with the disease

screening is done first and then diagnosis

Question 2

Detectable Pre-clinical Phase (DPCP)

Answer 2

The time interval between possible detection by screening and later detection after symptoms
is the DPCP

thus leading to earlier treatment and maybe a better outcome

Question 3

the characteristics of a good screening test

Answer 3

1. inexpensive
2. easy to administer
3. minimal discomfort
4. reliable
5. valid

Question 4

possible consequences of screening

Answer 4

1. true positive result
   early diagnosis and early treatment
2. true negative result
   reassurance

Question 5

when is screening not appropriate

Answer 5

1. when they are asymptomatic and delayed treatment does not lead to any issues
2. when screening does not prolong life
3. when the screening is inefficient

Question 6

the adverse effects of screening

Answer 6

false positive (extreme worry and anxiety)

false negative (reassured you don’t have the disease, but you do)

Question 7

sources of screening recommendations

Answer 7

Government agencies

Panels convened by government agencies

Medical specialty associations

Special interest organizations

Individual experts

Question 8

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)

Answer 8

Conducts rigorous, impartial assessments of the
scientific evidence of effectiveness of clinical preventive services, including screening, counseling, and preventive medications

Question 9

herd immunity

Answer 9

Resistance of a group to an attack by a disease to
which a large proportion of the members of the
group are immune

if a large group of the population is immune, the entire population is protected

Question 10

active immunity

Answer 10

▪ Protection produced by the person’s own immune
system (in response to non-self antigen)
▪ Usually long-lasting

Question 11

passive immunity

Answer 11

Protection conferred to a susceptible host by transfer of immunity products from another person or animal
▪ Temporary protection that wanes (decrease) with time

ex: maternal ab to baby

Question 12

live attenuated vaccine

Answer 12

Vaccine in which live “wild” virus is weakened
(attenuated) through chemical or physical
processes in order to process an immune response

both humeral and cell mediated immunity