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Exam 1 of term 3 > Lecture 13+14 > Flashcards

Lecture 13+14 Flashcards

1
Q

cellular components of the innate system

A 
monocytes / macrophages 
neutrophils 
eosinophils
basophils 
mast cells
NK cells
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2
Q

cellular components of the adaptive immune system

A

B cells / plasma cells

T cells

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3
Q

humoral components of the innate system

A 
complement 
cytokines 
lysozyme 
acute phase proteins 
interferons
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4
Q

humoral components of the adaptive immune system

A

antibody
cytokines
complement

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5
Q

myeloid cells (innate)

A

Polymorphonuclear: Neutrophils, Eosinophils,
Basophils, Mast cells

Mononuclear: Monocytes/Macrophages

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6
Q

lymphoid cells (innate)

A

Mononuclear: Natural Killer Cells

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7
Q

Lymphoid (adaptive)

A

mononuclear: B and T cells

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8
Q

neutrophils (granulocyte)

A

multi-lobed nucleus: 2-5

1st to arrive at the site of inflammation

high numbers = infection

destroy by phagocytosis
release hydrolytic enzymes

short-lived

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9
Q

Eosinophil (granulocyte)

A

bi-lobed nucleus
located mainly in the tissues
small golgi and limited ER and mito

phagocytize
Specific granules and azurophilic granules

functions:
Play a role in elimination of parasitic
helminths and allergic reactions

Phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes

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10
Q

basophils (granulocyte)

A

bi-lobed, S shaped nucleus

basophilic specific granules (heparin, histamine, chemotactic, peroxidase)

not a professional phagocyte
play a role in allergic reactions

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11
Q

mast cells (granulocyte)

A

similar to basophils
play a role in the development of allergies

two pathways for activation:
innate TLR and antibody dependent (IgE)

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12
Q

leukocytes (agranulocyte)

A

also known as mononuclear leukocytes
white blood cells
one-lobed nucleus
no granules in the cytoplasm

lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages

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13
Q

monocytes and macrophages (agranulocyte) role

A
  1. survey tissue compartments
  2. ingest and eliminate foreign materials
  3. extract immunogenic information from foreign matter
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14
Q

dendritic cells

A

long membranous extensions
CD14+

4 major groups:
• Lymphoid or Plasmacytoid-derived DC
• Monocyte-derived or Myeloid DC
• Langerhans DC
• Follicular DC

functions:
surveillance
initiation of inflammatory response
antigen processing and presentation

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15
Q

3 populations of lymphocytes

A

NK cells
B cells
T cells

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16
Q

NK cells

A

innate immune response to viruses and tumor
large, mononuclear, granular

CD16 and CD56

17
Q

B lymphocytes

A

bone marrow is the site of maturation
display antibody

plasma cells: antibody secreting
memory B cells: same membrane bound antibody as a parent B cell, longer life span

18
Q

T-lymphocytes

A

site of maturation- thymus

effector T cells and memory T cells
once antigen encounters with MHC

19
Q

T-helper cells

A

Mature Th cells express the surface glycoprotein CD4 and are referred to as CD4+ T cells
▪Recognizes antigen presented in MHC Class II (extracellular/ phagocytized)

20
Q

T cytotoxic cells

A

Mature Tc cells express the surface protein CD8
and are referred to as CD8 + T cells

Recognizes antigen presented in MHC Class I
eliminates viruses

21
Q

T regulatory cells

A

glycoprotein CD4, CD25 and FOXP3

help suppress the immune system

Maintain tolerance to self-antigens, and prevent autoimmune diseases

22
Q

memory T cell

A

T cells that have previously encountered and responded to their cognate antigen

a faster and stronger immune response

may either CD4 and CD8

23
Q

sensitivity - true positive rate

A

TP / (TP + FN)

24
Q

sensitivity - false negative rate

A

FN / (TP+FN)

25
Q

Specificity - true negative rate

A

TN / (TN+FP)

26
Q

specificity - false positive rate

A

FP / (TN + FP)

27
Q

The probability that a patient with the disease will have a + result

A

true positive rate

28
Q

the probability that a patient with the disease will have a - result

A

false negative rate

29
Q

the probability that a patient without the disease will have a - test

A

true negative rate

30
Q

the probability that a patient without the disease will have a + test

A

false positive rate

Exam 1 of term 3 (15 decks)

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