Lecture 13+14 Flashcards
cellular components of the innate system
monocytes / macrophages neutrophils eosinophils basophils mast cells NK cells
cellular components of the adaptive immune system
B cells / plasma cells
T cells
humoral components of the innate system
complement cytokines lysozyme acute phase proteins interferons
humoral components of the adaptive immune system
antibody
cytokines
complement
myeloid cells (innate)
Polymorphonuclear: Neutrophils, Eosinophils,
Basophils, Mast cells
Mononuclear: Monocytes/Macrophages
lymphoid cells (innate)
Mononuclear: Natural Killer Cells
Lymphoid (adaptive)
mononuclear: B and T cells
neutrophils (granulocyte)
multi-lobed nucleus: 2-5
1st to arrive at the site of inflammation
high numbers = infection
destroy by phagocytosis
release hydrolytic enzymes
short-lived
Eosinophil (granulocyte)
bi-lobed nucleus
located mainly in the tissues
small golgi and limited ER and mito
phagocytize
Specific granules and azurophilic granules
functions:
Play a role in elimination of parasitic
helminths and allergic reactions
Phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes
basophils (granulocyte)
bi-lobed, S shaped nucleus
basophilic specific granules (heparin, histamine, chemotactic, peroxidase)
not a professional phagocyte
play a role in allergic reactions
mast cells (granulocyte)
similar to basophils
play a role in the development of allergies
two pathways for activation:
innate TLR and antibody dependent (IgE)
leukocytes (agranulocyte)
also known as mononuclear leukocytes
white blood cells
one-lobed nucleus
no granules in the cytoplasm
lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages
monocytes and macrophages (agranulocyte) role
- survey tissue compartments
- ingest and eliminate foreign materials
- extract immunogenic information from foreign matter
dendritic cells
long membranous extensions
CD14+
4 major groups: • Lymphoid or Plasmacytoid-derived DC • Monocyte-derived or Myeloid DC • Langerhans DC • Follicular DC
functions:
surveillance
initiation of inflammatory response
antigen processing and presentation
3 populations of lymphocytes
NK cells
B cells
T cells
NK cells
innate immune response to viruses and tumor
large, mononuclear, granular
CD16 and CD56
B lymphocytes
bone marrow is the site of maturation
display antibody
plasma cells: antibody secreting
memory B cells: same membrane bound antibody as a parent B cell, longer life span
T-lymphocytes
site of maturation- thymus
effector T cells and memory T cells
once antigen encounters with MHC
T-helper cells
Mature Th cells express the surface glycoprotein CD4 and are referred to as CD4+ T cells
▪Recognizes antigen presented in MHC Class II (extracellular/ phagocytized)
T cytotoxic cells
Mature Tc cells express the surface protein CD8
and are referred to as CD8 + T cells
Recognizes antigen presented in MHC Class I
eliminates viruses
T regulatory cells
glycoprotein CD4, CD25 and FOXP3
help suppress the immune system
Maintain tolerance to self-antigens, and prevent autoimmune diseases
memory T cell
T cells that have previously encountered and responded to their cognate antigen
a faster and stronger immune response
may either CD4 and CD8
sensitivity - true positive rate
TP / (TP + FN)
sensitivity - false negative rate
FN / (TP+FN)
Specificity - true negative rate
TN / (TN+FP)
specificity - false positive rate
FP / (TN + FP)
The probability that a patient with the disease will have a + result
true positive rate
the probability that a patient with the disease will have a - result
false negative rate
the probability that a patient without the disease will have a - test
true negative rate
the probability that a patient without the disease will have a + test
false positive rate
