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Medicine Y2M2- Neuro > Lecture 27- Microanatomy of the eye > Flashcards

Lecture 27- Microanatomy of the eye Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 layers of the eyeball

A 
Sclera/ cornea (outer)
UVea (vascular)- middle
-choroid
- ciliary body
- iris
RetINa- inner
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2
Q

What are the roles of the sclera and cornea

A

Protect inner structures and together with intraocular fluid the shape of the eyeball

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3
Q

What are the roles of the sclera and cornea

A

Protect inner structures and together with intraocular fluid the shape of the eyeball
S- protection, Cornea- bending light onto fovea (visual acuity)

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4
Q

What is the appearance of the sclera and cornea

A

S- tough, dense ct
Cornea colourless and transparent, parallel arrangement of CT
Limbus- boundary between s+c, zone of transition of epi of conjuctiva w cornea

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5
Q

What is the uvea

A

Vascular, pigmented to lightproof the eye and reduce reflection
Comprises of choroid, ciliary body (melanocytes absorb light) and iris
Ant. portion contains SM (CB, constrictor/dilator of iris)
Macular degeneration(age)/ lipid deposits in choroid prevent nutrients reaching retina

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6
Q

What is the role of the ciliary body muscle?

A

Regulate tension of suspensory ligaments of lens (Accomodation of light onto fovea)

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7
Q

What is the structure and role of retina

A

outer pigmented and inner retinal layer
post. 2/3 light sensitive and contain photoreceptor neurons: rods and cones
anterior 1/3 not light sensitive, separated by posterior portion by ora serrata (no neural component)
Simple pigmented cuboidal epithelium

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8
Q

Where are the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye located

A

Anterior chamber- between cornea and iris, filled w/ aqueous humour
Posterior chamber- between posterior iris + anterior lens

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9
Q

What are the transparent components of the eye

A

Cornea (avascular)
Aqueous humour- watery fluid produced by ciliary processes (shape)
Lens (avascular)- focuses light onto fovea
Vitreous humour- found posterior to lens- hydrated gel, mostly hyaluronic acid/ some collagen fibrils

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10
Q

What are the 5 layers of the cornea

A

Epithelium (SSNK- most anterior, interacts w/ tear film, free nerve endings) continous w/ conjunctival epithelum at limbus (CS junction)
Bowmans layer- SSNK, damage leads to scar formation and loss of VA
Stroma- bend light: T1 collagen, uniform parallel arrangement so transparent
Descemet’s membrane
Corneal endothelium- non regenerative

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11
Q

What are the 5 layers of the cornea

A

Epithelium (SSNK- most anterior, interacts w/ tear film, free nerve endings) continous w/ conjunctival epithelum at limbus (CS junction)
Bowmans layer- SSNK, damage leads to scar formation and loss of VA
Stroma- bend light: T1 collagen, uniform parallel arrangement so transparent
Descemet’s membrane
Corneal endothelium- non regenerative

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12
Q

Where is the iris found and what is its role

A

Delineates ant/post chambers- heavily pigmented so blocks light apart from at pupil, controls how much enters
Ant limiting layer- fibroblasts/ melanocytes
Stroma (bv/ melanocytes)
Pupil dilator muscle- sphincter inc/dec pupil diameter
Pigmented epithelium

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12
Q

Where is the iris found and what is its role

A

Delineates ant/post chambers- heavily pigmented so blocks light apart from at pupil, controls how much enters
Ant limiting layer- fibroblasts/ melanocytes
Stroma (bv/ melanocytes)
Pupil dilator muscle- sphincter inc/dec pupil diameter
Pigmented epithelium

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12
Q

Where is the iris found and what is its role

A

Delineates ant/post chambers- heavily pigmented so blocks light apart from at pupil, controls how much enters
Ant limiting layer- fibroblasts/ melanocytes
Stroma (bv/ melanocytes)
Pupil dilator muscle- sphincter inc/dec pupil diameter
Pigmented epithelium

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12
Q

Where is the iris found and what is its role

A

Delineates ant/post chambers- heavily pigmented so blocks light apart from at pupil, controls how much enters
Ant limiting layer- fibroblasts/ melanocytes
Stroma (bv/ melanocytes)
Pupil dilator muscle- sphincter inc/dec pupil diameter
Pigmented epithelium

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13
Q

What is the role of the ciliary body?

A

Aqueous humour produced by CP epithelium- passes from post > ant chamber and drains through canal of schlemm : blockage leads to ^ IO pressure and glaucoma> damage to retina and blindness
Contraction of ciliary muscle causes relaxation of lens

14
Q

What is the structure of the lens

A

Avascular, outer capsule of type iv collagen and layer of cuboidal (lens) epi on ant. face only
Centre of tightly packed anucleate cells with crystallins form lens fibres

15
Q

What are the 2 layers of nerve cells in the retina?

A

Derived from neuroectoderm ( extension of brain)
Inner sensory retina- neurons/ glial cells
Outer retinal pigmented epithelium- simple cuboidal melanin containing cells

16
Q

What are the 4 groups of cells found in the sensory retina?

A

Photoreceptor neurons- rods and cones
Conducting neurons- bipolar and ganglion cells
Association neurons- horizontal and amacrine cells
Neuroglial cells- muller cells

17
Q

Where are rods and cones found?

A

rods- light intensity, concentrated at periphery of retina
cones- colour, concentrated in fovea: arranged at an angle so outer nuclear layer and other retinal layers dont block light pathway
between fovea there is a mixture of rods and cones

18
Q

How is the optic nerve formed?

A

At optic disk, axons from ganglion cells merge to form ON

Blind spot, no photoreceptors present

19
Q

How is the optic nerve formed?

A

At optic disk, axons from ganglion cells merge to form ON

Blind spot, no photoreceptors present

20
Q

What are the components of the eyelid/ surrounding glands?

A

Eyelash, skin, orbicularis muscle ( close eyelids and pump tears)
Accessory lacrimal glands- aqueous portion of tear film
Conjunctiva- protection/ lubrication- microbial barrier and immune surveillance
Tarsal plate- dense fibroelastic tissue
Meibomian gland- lipid rich secretion preventing tears from evaporating
Cornea

Medicine Y2M2- Neuro (24 decks)

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