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BIOC192 2024 Melia > Lecture 26 - Fatty acids as a fuel molecule #2 > Flashcards

Lecture 26 - Fatty acids as a fuel molecule #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Do adipose tissues make lipoproteins?

A

NO

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2
Q

What does adipose lipase do?

A

cleaves TAGs to give
three FFAs and glycerol

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3
Q

Are free fatty acids polar or non-polar?

A

non-polar

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4
Q

Where can fatty acids come from?

A
  • diet or the liver
  • storage in adipose tissue
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5
Q

How is the delivery of fatty acids to tissues?

A
  1. Adipose lipase makes FFA + Glycerol by cleaving TAG
  2. FFA passively travel in blood
  3. FFA bind albumin
  4. Transported to tissues passively
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6
Q

When are fatty acids activated?

A

before B-oxidation

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7
Q

When does fatty acid activation occur before or after entering the mitochondria?

A

Before

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8
Q

How are fatty acids activated?

A

By the attachment of CoA to make fatty acyl-CoA

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9
Q

What energy is required to CoA?

A

hydrolysis of ATP to AMP (energy equivalent of 2 ATP)

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10
Q

Oxidation of fatty acids occurs in the?

A

mitochondrial matrix

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11
Q

Movement between the cytosol and matrix
requires?

A

two membranes to be crossed

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12
Q

How are fatty acids transported to the mitochondrial matrix?

A
  • The fatty acyl-CoA must pass through two membranes
  • Outer membrane: uses fatty acyl-CoA carrier
  • Inner membrane: requires the conversion to fatty acyl-carnitine
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13
Q

The carnitine acyltransferase reaction?

A
  • Exchanges CoA and carnitine on a fatty acid
  • Reversible reaction
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14
Q

Where does B-oxidation occur?

A

In mitochondrial matrix

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15
Q

What fatty acids does B-oxidation use?

A

fatty acids with an even number of carbons that are saturated (no double bonds)

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16
Q

Is ATP produced during B-oxidation?

A

No, ATP is not directly made in β-oxidation

17
Q

What is energy released during B-oxidation transfered to?

A

the coenzymes NAD and FAD

18
Q

What happens to the carbon chain during B-oxidation?

A

Is cut into two pieces

19
Q

What is the product of B-oxidation?

A

acetyl-CoA

20
Q

What happens to acetyl CoA?

A

is further oxidised in the citric acid cycle

21
Q

What are the 4 steps of B-oxidation?

A
  1. Oxidation
  2. Hydration
  3. Oxidation
  4. Cleavage
22
Q

What happens during the first reaction of B-oxidation (oxidation)?

A

Fatty acyl-CoA is oxidised forming a double bond, the 2x H atoms form FADH2 from FAD (FAD -> FADH2)

23
Q

What happens during the second reaction of B-oxidation (hydration)?

A

Fatty acyl-CoA is hydrated by the addition of H2O, this breaks the double bond and puts an OH on one carbon and H on the other

24
Q

What happens during the third reaction of B-oxidation (oxidation)?

A

Fatty acyl-CoA is oxidised, the O of the OH loses its hydrogen forming a double bond, and the carbon bonded to the O loses its hydrogen. (NAD+ -> NADH + H+)

25
Q

What is FAD derived from?

A

Riboflavin (vitamin
B2)

26
Q

What is FAD?

A

A coenzyme required by some
enzymes that catalyze redox
reactions (including fatty acid
oxidation, citric acid cycle)

27
Q

What does FAD stand for?

A

Flavin adenine dinucleotide

28
Q

Flavin coenzymes are ……
bound to the proteins with which they interact (flavoproteins)

A

tightly

29
Q

What type of reduction does FAD undergo?

A

a two-electron reduction
(accepts two reducing equivalents)

30
Q

What do the first three reactions of B-oxidation involve?

A
  • rearrangement:
  • energy captured (2 redox reactions)
  • Overall alter chemistry around the bond for cleaving
    in reaction 4
31
Q

What occurs during reaction 4 (cleavage)?

A

is a cleavage between the ⍺
and β carbons

32
Q

What is released during reaction 4?

A

Acetyl-CoA

33
Q

What is added to the remaining carbon chain after the release of acetyl-CoA?

A

CoASH

34
Q

What happens to the remaining fatty acyl-CoA after completion of cycle?

A

After becoming 2 carbons shorter it re-enters the B-oxidation cycle

35
Q

What is released during one round of B-oxidation?

A

1 NADH + 1 FADH2 + 1 acetyl-CoA

36
Q

How do you calculate the number of rounds of B-oxidation a FFA can undergo?

A

no. of rounds = n(C)/2 - 1

37
Q

What are the products of 7 rounds of B-oxidation?

A

7 NADH, 7 FADH2 and 8 acetyl-CoA

BIOC192 2024 Melia (36 decks)

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