Lecture 18 - Genetic Variation & Disease #2 Flashcards
What are monogenic traits?
An inherited trait/characteristic that is controlled by a single gene
What patterns do monogenic traits follow?
Usually simple dominant/recessive inheritance patterns
Can environment influence monogenic traits?
Yes (e.g how many freckles you have)
What are polygenic traits?
Inherited trait/characteristic that is controlled by multiple genes.
What patterns do polygenic traits follow?
They do not follow an obvious inheritance pattern
Can environment influence polygenic traits?
Yes
What are continuous traits?
Traits that will be measures as a range (e.g height)
What are dichotomous traits?
Traits that will be measured by either yes or no to having it. (e.g myopia)
After a certain point in ranging of phenotypes it is considered what?
That you have the disease/trait
What both contribute to polygenic traits?
Genes and Environment
What is an example of 100% genetics?
eye colour
What is an example of 100% environment?
Tattoo’s
What is an example of 50% genetics, 50% environment?
Heart disease
Majority of traits are?
Polygenic
How many different genes contribute to eye colour?
16 (two main ones)
Monogenic traits are usually?
Rare (6% of people with any monogenic disease)
Polygenic traits are usually?
Common
(people can be affected by more than one complex disease at once)
What are the two key concepts of polygenic traits?
- Any type of protein can have a genetic variant/change in function.
- Proteins anywhere in a pathway/process can be affected.
What is Phenylketonuria (PKU) an example of?
Loss of an enzyme at the START of a pathway
What does Phenylketonuria (PKU) lead to?
Increased Phenylalanine, decreased concentrations of all other products in pathway.