Lecture 25:Posterior Leg compartment and popliteal fossa Flashcards
margins of popliteal fossa
The superior margins are
* Biceps Femoris (laterally) and
Semimembranosus and Semitendinosus
(medially)
* The inferior borders
* Medial and lateral heads of Gastrocnemius
contens of popliteal fossa
- Popliteal artery and vein
- Tibial and Common Peroneal nerves
structures in the popliteal fossa from deep to superficial( starting from the knee joint)
- From deep to superficial:
- Knee joint capsule
- Popliteus (not examinable)
- Popliteal artery (most medial)
- Popliteal vein
- Tibial nerve (from sciatic N)
- The artery is the deepest structure in the
fossa (closest to the knee joint/ tibia and
femur).
what structure is likely to be affected 1st in knee dislocation?
popliteal a
sural nerve
- Tibial nerve has superficial branch that exits the popliteal fossa and travels down posterior aspect of leg on gastrocnemeus and becomes = sural nerve (also gets a branch from common peroneal nerve)
sural nerve is derived from 2 branches of common peroneal and tibial nerve
Small saphenous vein runs with sural nerve
great saphenous vein runs with…
saphenous nerve
leg compartments
Three compartments
Anterior, lateral and posterior
Two sub-compartments in posterior leg:
Superficial
Deep
Posterior Compartment
Muscles- Superficial
-gastrocnemius
-soleus
-plantaris
3 muscles, all innervated by tibial nerve
Gastrocnemius: O, I, Action, Nerve
O: 2 heads: medial and lateral femoral condyles.
I: calcaneus via Achilles tendon/calcaneal tendon
Action: Plantarflex ankle, flexes knee
Essential for Jumping and walking
Nerve: Tibial
Soleus: O, I, Action, Nerve
O: superior 1/3 post fibula also tibia
I: calcaneus via Achilles tendon/calcaneal tendon
Action: Plantarflex ankle. Walking
Nerve: Tibial
Plantaris: O, I, Action, Nerve
O: Superior to lateral head gastrocnemius on femur
I: medial side of tendon achilles( seperate from achilles tendon)
Action: Plantarflex ankle
Nerve: Tibial
Good as a tendon for tendon grafts
(70)% have one
Tibialis posterior: O, I, Action, Nerve
O: post tibia & fibula and interosseous membrane
I: Complex insertion into Navicula, medial cuneform + all bones of
mid and hind foot
Action: Plantarflexes ankle
Inverts foot
medial to axis of foot
Reinforces arches of foot
Nerve: tibial n
Flexor digitorum longus: O, I, Action, Nerve
O: middle half of tibia
I: distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes
Action: Flexes toes, plantarflexes ankle,
Reinforces the arches of the foot
Nerve: tibial
Flexor hallucis longus: O, I, Action, Nerve
O: inferior 2/3 of fibula and interosseous membrane
I:distal phalanx great toe
Action: Flexes great toe, plantarflexes ankle,
Reinforces the arches of the foot
Nerve: tibial
Popliteus: O, I, Action, Nerve
O: posterior tibia
I: lateral condyle femur, lateral meniscus
Action: Medially rotates tibia
Nerve: tibial