Lecture 20: Joint and joint tissues Flashcards
phases of fracture healing
phase 1 of fracture healing
-bleeding-> haemotoma
-rupture of the periosteum + bleeding are important for initiating repair. Deliver & stimulate mesenchymal stem cells + fibroblasts. Initiate macrophages to come and clean up debri + activate osteoclasts to break down some of the bone
+ activation of cytokines. Want some inflammation. Cytokines stimulate osteogenic cells to differentiate into osteoblasts + mesenchymal cells into chondrocytes
+growth factors delivered in blood
phase 2
~ 5 weeks after
haemotoma callus forming 1st-> cartilagenous callus
(if the bones are not close together-> form an intermediate structure(callus)- cartilage template )
Stabilizes the break.
~similar to endochondral ossification
phase 3
~3 months
bony callus formation
-osteoblasts laying down osteoid-> becomes mineralised but not organized into lamellar bone and osteon structures yet
phase 4
~1.5 years?
-bony lump remodeled
-bone is nicely structured and organised into lamellar bone
fibrous joints
-no synovial cavity
-articulating bones held together by fibrous CT
types:
-suture
-syndesmosis
-interosseous membrane
cartilaginous joints
-no synovial cavity
-articulating bones united by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
types:
-synchondrosis
-symphysis
synovial joints
-synovial cavity
-articular cartilage
-articular (joint) capsule
-may contain accessory ligaments, articular discs, and bursae
types:
-plane
-hinge
-pivot
-condyloid
-saddle
-ball-and-socket
suture(joint): description, functional classification, and example
syndesmosis: description, functional classification, and example
interosseous membrane: : description, functional classification, and example
synchondrosis joint : description, functional classification, and example
symphysis joint : description, functional classification, and example
plane joint : description, functional classification, and example
hinge joint : description, functional classification, and example