Lecture 16: Back: vertebral column and musculature Flashcards
what are the primary curves of the spine?
thoracic + sacral regions: anterior concave surfaces
what are the secondary curves of the spine?
cervical + lumbar regions:
anterior convex surfaces
what is the role of curvatures in the spine?
to maintain the centre of gravity
what is the progression of curvature formations from birth to 10 yo?
scoliosis
-hereditary
-presents at younger age
-byproduct of rapid growth( muscles and lig. grow slower than bones) which can be fixed
or in extreme cases bone disorders -require surgery
kyphosis
-common in elderly
-back muscles atrophy with age-> cannot hold spine straight + bones redevelop+ arthritis worsens the conditions
-normally do not intervene
kyphosis
-common in elderly
-back muscles atrophy with age-> cannot hold spine straight + bones redevelop+ arthritis worsens the conditions
-normally do not intervene
lordosis
secondary curvatures are considered natural lordosis curves
pregnancy: as embryo growths it increases the weight in front of the centre of gravity-> back leans back to compensate
also can happen in obesity
Lower back pain
interspinous lig
what are the 5 ligaments of the spine and which ones span the entire length of the spine?
Span entire length:
-anterior longitudonal lig
-posterior longitudonal lig
-supraspinous lig
Short:
-ligamentum flavum
-interspinous lig
what is the role of ligamentum flavum?
-more useful in quadrupeds. Have a lot of elastin-> stores the flexion of the neck if the animal bends down(to eat grass)-> easy to look up quickly
-not so useful in humans
role of anterior longitudonal ligament?
supports the anterior aspect of the column
role of supraspinous lig and interspinous lig?
both stop oversplaying of the spinous processes when the vertebrae are flexed
stop overcompression of the vertebral bodies
what are the superficial back muscles?
-trapezius
-latissimus dorsi
-rhomboids major and minor
-levator scapulae
intermediate back muscles
serratus posterior superior
serratus posterior inferior
deep back muscles:
names and Attachements
illiocostalis( O- iliac crest, I-costal part=ribs) stabilises the lower back
longissimus( O- iliac creast& lower lumbar spinous process, I- transverse process of thoracic ribs)
spinalis ( links sections of the spine to each other, run from the spinous process of lower vertebrae to spinous process of upper vertebrae)
multifidus(O: the transverse process of vertebrae. I:spinous process of another vertebrae above it)
what do most of the back muscles attach to?
thoracolumbar fascia( big aponeurotic tendon)
-superficial and deep
what action occurs when all erector spinae muscles contract?
spine extension
what action occurs if only 1 side of erector spinae muscles cntracts?
lateral flexion
