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MBCHB MSS > Lecture 10: Forearm( flexor compartment) and wrist > Flashcards

Lecture 10: Forearm( flexor compartment) and wrist Flashcards

1
Q

what structures hold the radius and ulna together?

A

anular ligament
interosseous membrane
fibrous articular disc

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2
Q

functions of the interosseous membrane

A

-hinge
-muscle attachment
-force transmission

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3
Q

what bone in the wrist gets damaged the most?

A

scaphoid

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4
Q

how much movement is there in the 3 joints of the wrist/hand?

A

Radiocarpal: the most
Midcarpal: some
Carpometacarpal: almost no movement. Exception: thumb(lots of movement)

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5
Q

what is the function of flexor retinaculum?

A

attaches to the carpal bones on both rows, laterally and medially
holds tendons in place- stops them from bowstringing.

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6
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

inflammation/infection in the carpal tunnel puts pressure on the median nerve

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7
Q

what is the tissue that the flexor retinaculum and extensor retinaculum are made from?

A

thick overlying deep fascia

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8
Q
A
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9
Q

what muscles come from the common flexor tendon?

A

flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris
1/2 of flexor digitorum superficialis

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10
Q

pronator teres: O, I , nerve, action

A

O- superficial ridge about the medial epicondyle. And medial aspect of coroniod process of ulna.
I-anterolateral aspect of radius
Nerve: Median n
Action: pronates forearm at radioulnar joints

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11
Q

palmaris longus: O, I, Nerve, Action

A

O-common flexor tendon
I-proximal part of palmar aponeurosis
Nerve: median n
Action: flexes hand at radiocarpal(wrist) joint

*missing in15% of population

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12
Q

what is the function of palmar aponeurosis?

A

tough
skin of the palm attaches to it
protects the structures underneath

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13
Q

what artery runs alongside flexor carpi radialis?

A

radial a.

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14
Q

what artery runs alongside flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

ulnar a

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15
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris: O, I, Nerve, Action

A

O-common flexor tendon
I-pisiform carpal bone which is attached to metacarpals 5 and 4
Nerve: ulnar n.
Action:flexes and adducts hand at wrist joint

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16
Q

flexor carpi radialis lies above/below flexor retinaculum?

A

below

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17
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris lies above/below flexor retinaculum?

A

above

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18
Q

palmaris longus lies above/below flexor retinaculum?

A

above

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19
Q

flexor carpi radialis: O, I, Nerve, Action

A

O-common flexor tendon
I-palmar aspect of bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones
Nerve: median n
Action: flexes hand at the wrist

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20
Q

what muscles pull radius over ulna in pronatory movements?

A

pronator quadratus

pronator teres assists if additional speed and power are needed

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21
Q

which superficial forearm muscle is it?

A

flexor carpi radialis

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22
Q

which superficial forearm muscle is it?

A

palmaris longus

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23
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris: O, I, Nerve, Action

A

O-common flexor tendon
I-pisiform carpal bone which is attached tometacarpals 5 and 4

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24
Q
A

flexor digitorum superficialis

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25
Q

which superficial forearm muscle is it?

A

pronator teres m

26
Q

which superficial forearm muscle is it?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris

27
Q
A

flexor retinaculum of wrist

28
Q

which deep forearm muscle is it?

A

flexor digitoum profundus

29
Q

which deep forearm muscle is it?

A

flexor pollicis longus

30
Q

which deep forearm muscle is it?

A

pronator quadratus

31
Q
A

1-scaphoid
2-lunate
3-triquetral
4-pisiform
5-hamate
6-capitate
7-trapezoid
8-trapezium

32
Q

which is the more stable contributor to the elbow joint: radius or ulna?

33
Q

which is the more stable contributor to the wrist joint: radius or ulna?

34
Q

what excludes ulna from the wrist joint?

A

fibrous articular disc

35
Q

what forearm flexor compartment muscles are innervated by the main branch of the median nerve?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis
palmaris longus
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis

36
Q

what forearm flexor compartment muscles are innervated by the anterior interosseous nerve( branch of the median nerve)?

A

pronator quadratus
flexor pollicis longus
lateral half of flexor digitorum profundus

37
Q

what muscles are innervated by the recurrent branch of the median n?

A

thenar muscles
1st and 2nd lumbricals

38
Q

what is the cutaneous distribution of the median nerve?

39
Q

what are the 2 cutaneous branches of the median nerve?

A

palmar cutaneous branch
proper palmar digital nerve

40
Q

what nerve are not affected by carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

ulnar nerve
palmar cutaneous branch of median n

41
Q

what kind of branch does ulnar nerve have that median nerve does not?

A

dorsal branch ulnar nerve

42
Q

what muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris
medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus

44
Q

what type of joint are metacarpo-phalangeal joints and what movement does it allow?

A

condyloid joints

45
Q

what muscles does musculocutaneous nerve innervate ?

A

The musculocutaneous nerve innervates the three muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm: the coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis muscles. It is also responsible for cutaneous innervation of the lateral forearm.

46
Q

what type of joint are interphalangeal joints and what movement does it allow?

A

hinge joints
flexion/extension only

47
Q

what do deep transverse metacarpal ligaments attach to?

A

to the edges of the palmar ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal joints

48
Q

where are palmar ligaments present in the hand?

A

metacarpophalangeal joints
interphalangeal joints

49
Q

what forms the floor of fibro-osseous tunnels?

A

palmar lig

50
Q

where do interossei muscles pass in relation to deep transverse metacarpal ligaments?

A

pass on the dorsal side

51
Q

where do lumbrical muscles pass in relation to deep transverse metacarpal ligaments?

A

on the palmar side( ventrally or anteriorly)

52
Q

what are the 3 major compartments of the palm and what muscles and tendons do they house?

A

central( houses the long flexor tendons, lumbricals etc)

lateral(houses thenar muscles)

medial( houses the hypothenar muscles)

53
Q

what muscles contribute to spreading the digits?

A

dorsal interossei abduct digits 2, 3, 4
abductor digit minimi(AbDM) act on the little finger(5th digit)

extensor pollicis brevis and longus extend the thumb in the same plane as palm

(abduction of fingers but extension of the thumb)

54
Q

what muscles abduct the thumb in a plane perpendicular to the palm?

A

abductor pollicis longus( AbPL)
abductor pollicis brevis( AbPB)

55
Q

what muscles adduct the digits?

A

palmar interossei act on 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits to adduct the digits

dorsal interossei are responsible for moving the 3rd digit if required and adductor pollicis will act on the thumb to add strength to the movement

56
Q

DIMAB and POMAD

58
Q

what nerve innervates adductor pollicis?

A

ulnar nerve(deep branch)

59
Q

what nerve innervates lumbricals?

A

2 bipennate: ulnar n
2 unipennate: median n

60
Q

what nerve innervates thenar muscles?

61
Q

what structures are and are NOT affected by carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Affected:

10 tendons + median n.

NOT Affected:

-ulnar n
-ulnar artery
-palmaris longus
-flexor carpi ulnaris
-pronator teres

MBCHB MSS (28 decks)

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