Lecture 25 - Independent Assortment

Question 1

• Describe incomplete dominance and know how traits that undergo
incomplete dominance are passed down from the P - F1 - F2 generations
(including the genotype and phenotype ratios of each generation with respect
to the trait)

Answer 1

Incomplete dominance:
- A mixture of both alleles is seen in the phenotype

Complete dominance:
- only 1 allele in the genotype is seen in the phenotype.

Co-dominance:
- Both alleles in the genotype are seen in the phenotype.

Question 2

• Know the addition and multiplication rules, compare the circumstances
under which each is applied, and know how to use the rules to calculate
probabilities

Answer 2

Addition Rule:
- used when outcomes being considered cannot occur
simultaneously (‘either, or’ rule)

Multiplication Rule:
used when outcomes can occur simultaneously and the occurrence of one has no effect on the likelihood of the other (‘and’ rule)

Question 3

• Know the definition of Mendel’s Principle of Independent Assortment and
compare it to Mendel’s Principle of Segregation

Answer 3

1. Principle of Segregation:
   Individuals inherit two alleles of each gene, one from the mother and one
   from the father, and when individuals form reproductive cells, the two alleles
   separate equally into the eggs and sperm.
2. Principle of Independent Assortment:
   The two alleles of each gene segregate into gametes independently of the
   two alleles of another gene.

Question 4

• Know how to the Principle of Independent Assortment can be used to
determine the genotypes/phenotypes of an organism (using a Punnett
square)

Answer 4

:)

Question 5

• Know how the Principle of Independent Assortment relates to Meiosis

Answer 5

During anaphase, nonhomologous chromosomes can orient themselves in two ways.

Question 6

• Describe the process of Epistasis and how it effects the phenotype of traits
that undergo this process

Answer 6

The phenotypic expression at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus.