Lecture 2.5

Question 1

Name four types of mutations that can happen in bacteria DNA

Answer 1

Insertion, deletion, inversion, and replacement

Question 2

What does an Insertion Sequence consist of

Answer 2

Direct repeats (basically the landing strip for transposon element), Inverted repeats which signal transposase to cleave it and it has two domains, and genes for transposition only

Question 3

A transposon with a antibiotic resistance gene within it

Answer 3

composite transposon

Question 4

What are the three ways bacteria horizontally transfer genes

Answer 4

transformation, transduction, conjugation

Question 5

DNA from outside is incorporated within cell and eventually bacteria DNA in this gene transfer process

Answer 5

transformation

Question 6

In transformation, what must the DNA go through in order to incorporated within the bacterial genome?

Answer 6

DNA must be tagged as self, which means methylated bases during DNA replication (also high molecular weight DNA increases the chances of incorporation)

Question 7

What type of secretion occurs in conjugation?

Answer 7

Type IV

Question 8

F+ factor confers which 4 certain abilities on the F+ cells

Answer 8

1. Sex Pilus
2. F+ cell more attracted to F- cell
3. Self transmissible
4. Can integrate into chromosome of bacteria

Question 9

If many F+ bacteria transfer factor to an F- bacteria, what is the F- bacteria now referred to as?

Answer 9

High frequency recombination

Question 10

What are the two cycles in transduction?

Answer 10

Lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle

Question 11

How does the lysogenic cycle turn into the lytic cycle?

Answer 11

Bacteriophage transfer DNA–> DNA integrates in the host chromosome, now called phage DNA–> transferred DNA also coded for repressor protein–> bacteria goes through many cycles until some type of trauma removes the repressor protein–> bacteria now goes into the lytic cycle

Question 12

What element serves as a co-repressor of diphtheria toxin?

Answer 12

Iron