Lecture 24 Flashcards
What does nationalist populism focus on reinforcing?
The nation-state and its boundaries.
What does nationalist populism prioritize?
National identity, sovereignty, and self-determination.
How does nationalist populism relate to globalization?
It tends to oppose global integration and cooperation, instead emphasizing national control and independence.
What does populism challenge?
The legitimate authority of the political and institutional establishment.
According to populism, where does the only legitimate political and moral authority come from?
“The people,” especially ordinary citizens.
How does populism view experts like scientists, judges, or scholars?
As illegitimate or disconnected from the true will of the people.
WHat are the two principles of populist regimes?
- challenges authority of the political and institutional establishment
- The only legitimate source of political
and moral authority in a democracy rests
with the ‘people
What is a key focus of authoritarian values?
: Priority for collective security over liberal autonomy for individuals.
What are the 3 core components of authoritarian values?
: Security, group conformity, and loyalty to strong leaders.
What cultural shift occurred during the second half of the 20th century in post-industrial countries?
A shift from materialist values focused on economic security to post-materialist values prioritizing individual freedom and self-expression.
What are some examples of socially liberal values that gained prominence in the second half of the 20th century?
Environmental protection, peace movements, sexual liberalization, democracy, human rights, gender equality, rights for LGBTQ+ communities, and rights for ethnic/racial minorities.
How do younger and older generations differ in terms of values?
Younger generations tend to hold socially liberal values, while older generations generally have more socially conservative views (cohort effect)
How do cultural shifts contribute to the rise of populism and authoritarianism?
Cultural shifts like the rise of post-materialist values (individual rights, social liberalism) among younger generations, alongside factors like urbanization, large-scale immigration, and declining birth rates among the white majority, can lead to anxiety and resentment among older, more socially conservative groups. This fear of cultural and demographic change can be exploited by populist and authoritarian leaders who promise to restore traditional values, protect against perceived threats, and prioritize the “common people” over elites.
What is a “Tipping Point” in the context of rising populism?
A tipping point occurs when changes in the relative size of majority and minority groups create significant cultural or demographic shifts. This causes previously dominant groups, who feel their values and status are being threatened, to react strongly. Their resentment and fear can fuel support for populist and authoritarian leaders promising to restore traditional values.
How did the Brexit Leave campaign reflect populist themes?
The Brexit Leave campaign invoked nostalgia for a more homogeneous UK, criticized the European Union for mass immigration, and opposed political elites, all key aspects of populist rhetoric.
What is economic nationalism, and how does it relate to globalization?
Economic nationalism, or “developmentalism,” involves pursuing a country’s own development agenda while leveraging globalization for national benefit, often through policies like tariffs.
What is the difference between “alter-globalization” and “anti-globalization”?
Alter-globalization seeks a more just and equitable form of globalization, often emerging from marginalized groups, while anti-globalization opposes the current global economic system.
