Lecture 20 Flashcards
What is “remote control” in refugee policy?
A strategy where countries prevent asylum seekers from reaching their borders by extending immigration enforcement beyond their territory.
What does David Scott FitzGerald mean by “an architecture of repulsion”?
A system of policies designed to keep migrants and asylum seekers out, including offshoring border controls.
What is meant by the “extra-territorialization” of borders?
Moving border enforcement overseas—e.g., requiring passport control at foreign airports.
Why are refugee camps strategically used by Northern countries?
To provide basic services but also contain and control refugee movement, preventing them from reaching wealthier nations.
How do Northern governments use financial support in refugee containment?
They pay governments in the Global South to manage and hold refugees in camps, outsourcing border enforcement.
What characterizes the global visa regime enforced by OECD countries?
Strict visa restrictions targeting Asian and African nationalities, especially those from top refugee-producing countries.
What is an extreme form of border externalization?
Maritime interceptions far from a country’s territory (e.g., U.S. in the Pacific, Europe off West Africa).
What is a buffer state in the context of migration control?
A neighboring country used to stop or repel migrants before they reach wealthier states.
What does James P. Walsh mean by a “double movement”?
- Borders are becoming more intense (intensified): Countries are putting more effort into controlling who comes in
- Borders are spreading beyond actual borders (diffused): Control isn’t just at the edge of a country anymore. It’s happening far away, in other countries or places before people even arrive.
More control at the border + Control spreading beyond the border
What does it mean to say immigration policing is “diffused”?
It means the state shares enforcement roles with ordinary citizens and private actors, who monitor, report, or regulate migrants’ conduct.
What is “deputization” in the context of immigration control?
A formal partnership where citizens (e.g. teachers, doctors) are legally required to report undocumented individuals to authorities.
What U.S. policy is an example of deputization?
California’s Proposition 187 (1994), which denied undocumented migrants access to public services and mandated reporting by public workers.
You are required as teacher of doctor to report illegal immigrant child. If you don’t do so you go against the law.
What were some consequences of Proposition 187 for Latino communities?
Increased racism, harassment, wage theft, and fear of deportation—even outside the scope of the law.
What is “responsibilization”?
The voluntary encouragement of citizens to help enforce immigration control, supported by funding, training, or tools.
What is autonomization in immigration enforcement?
When citizens take action to control or monitor immigration without being officially asked by the government.
What are some risks of autonomization and vigilante enforcement?
Racial profiling, social division, abuse of power, and marginalization of migrant communities.
What does “civilianization of enforcement” mean?
The increasing role of ordinary citizens in carrying out immigration control activities traditionally done by the state.
According to Joseph Carens, what justifies the power to exclude non-citizens?
Sovereignty and the state’s duty to protect the common good of its citizens.
What is the counter-argument to Carens’ defense of sovereign control of borders?
That borders should generally be open and people should generally be free to settle wherever they choose.
How is citizenship in Western democracies similar to feudal privilege?
It’s an inherited status that determines life chances and restricts mobility, similar to class privilege in feudal societies.
Why are legal barriers to movement considered problematic in democracies?
They prevent individuals from improving their situation by merit and protect birthright privilege, contradicting principles of equality.
What does the principle of moral equality imply about migration restrictions?
That they require strong moral justification since all humans are of equal worth.
What is the Cantilever Argument?
Since freedom of movement within a state is a right, it should logically extend to freedom of movement between states.
calls for the extension of internal freedom of movement to the international level
Why do some argue borders should normally be open?
Because freedom of movement is essential for ensuring equality of opportunity.
