DAY 3 Flashcards
what are all the perspectives to the question of when globalization begun
- if we see globalization as trade, religion, adventure conquest : globalization in early human life history
- cycle of globalization
- phases (ronald robertson)
- specific events
- large recent changes
Ronald Robertson’s Phases (the question of when globalization begun) : Germinal Phase (early 1400s - mid 1700s)
Focus on Europe, marked by a shift to a sun-centered view of the universe, modern geography, the spread of the Georgian calendar, emphasis on the individual, and the inception of national communities.
Ronald Robertson’s Phases (the question of when globalization begun) : Incipient Phase (mid 1700s to 1870)
Still mainly Europe. Characterized by the rise of the unitary and homogeneous state, standardized citizenship, formalized international relations, increased transnational regulation, and the beginning of debates around immigration.
Ronald Robertson’s Phases (the question of when globalization begun) : Take-Off Phase (1870s-mid 1920s)
Rise in global communication, global competitions (Olympics, Nobel Prize), World War I, League of Nations.
Ronald Robertson’s Phases (the question of when globalization begun) : Struggle for Hegemony Phase (1920s-mid 1960s)
World War II, Cold War, UN formation.
Ronald Robertson’s Phases (the question of when globalization begun): Uncertainty Phase (1960s-1990s)
Inclusion of the “Third World,” end of the Cold War, spread of nuclear weapons, global civil society, moon landing, concern for humankind, consolidation of global media, crises in the global system, multiculturalism.
Why do some people say that the commercialization of the steam engine played a key role in the origins of globalization?
- Transportation and Trade: The steam engine powered railways and steamships, drastically reducing travel time and costs, faster movement of goods and people
- Industrialization and Mass Production: Steam power fueled factories, leading to mass production and increased supply of goods. Countries with industrialized economies (e.g., Britain) needed raw materials, spurring global trade networks.
- Expansion of European influence: Steam-powered ships and trains enabled European empires to expand their reach into Asia, Africa, and the Americas.
- With more reliable food supplies, populations grew. fewer people faced starvation. Cheaper transportation reduced food costs, making it more affordable for everyone.
what are some large recent changes that can be considered the origin of globalization
- the emergence of US as THE global power (global economic force)
- multi national corporations
- the demise of the soviet union and the end of the cold war
what does milton friedman think about globalization
free markets and capitalism drive prosperity and freedom, essential for economic growth and individual freedom
what would friedman say the role of the government is
minimal intervention, deregulation, and free trade maximize prosperity
what does noam chomsky thinking of globalization?
globalization primarily benefits corporations and elites, often harming ordinary people,
what would noam chomsky say the role of the government is
governments should regulate corporations and protect human rights (growth should be people-centered, not just profit-driven)
what is bill easterly view of globalization
economic growth comes from local, bottom-up initiatives rather than top-down interventions
what would bill easterly say the role of the government is?
governments should focus on enabling entrepreneruship rather than controling economies (sustainable growth comes from decentralized decision-making and individual initiative)
