Lecture 22- Young person (12 - 24 years) Flashcards
What age is considered a “young person”
12 - 24
During adolescence the following physiological changes occur (both genders)
The feet, hands and long bones grow rapidly, accompanied by an increase in muscle mass (especially in boys).
Primary and secondary sexual development occurs, with maturation of the genitalia and presence of body hair.
Sebaceous and auxiliary sweat glands become active.
During adolescence the following physiological changes occur (Girls)
Breast development and menstruation occurs in girls.
Puberty (the time when the ability to reproduce begins) begins at 9 to 13 years of age in girls (with menstruation usually beginning between 10 and 14 years of age)
During adolescence the following physiological changes occur (boys)
Facial hair growth, voice changes and spermatogenesis occur in boys
Puberty begins at 11 to 14 years of age in boys.
Full adult size is reached, although some young men might continue to grow in their 20s.
What are the three stages that puberty is divided into?
Prepubescence
Pubescence
Postpubescence
What is Prepubescence?
Prepubescence: the period of development immediately preceding puberty.
secondary sex characteristics begin to develop but reproductive organs do not yet function
What is Pubescence?
The time of life when sex glands become functional
Secondary sex characteristics continue to develop, and ova and sperm begin to be produced by the reproductive organs
What is Postpubescence?
An individual who has completed puberty; a sexually mature person.
Postpubescence: reproductive functioning and the development of secondary sex characteristics reach adult maturity
What does Piaget’s - formal operations stage of cognitive development suggest
Age 11+
Children learn more sophisticated rules of logic. They then use these rules to understand how abstract concepts work and to solve problems. The child can analyze their environment and make deductions.
Long-term goals can be set as the concept of time, its passage and the future become real.
Challenging the decision making of adults is common.
Egocentrism returns, and imaginary audiences and daydreaming are common.
Young adults, in comparison to the adolescents, are more creative in thought, are objective and realistic, and are less self-centred. Their learning is enhanced through educational and life experiences.
What is Erikson’s - identity vs role confusion (adolescent) ?
Age 12-19
Teenagers experiment with different roles, personal choices and beliefs. Self-concept is being stabilised, with the peer group acting as the greatest influence.
What is Erikson’s - intimacy vs isolation (young adult)?
Ages 19-40
The young adult needs to complete tasks such as achieving independence from parents, establishing intimate relationships, and choosing an occupation or career.
If such developmental tasks are not accomplished, the young adult becomes isolated and self-absorbed.
What are the greatest health concerns of young people
Unintentional injuries (Motor Vehicle Accidents), Substance abuse, Suicide, Depression, Pregnancy, Nutritional problems, STI, Developmental and situational stressors
What are some health promotion topics
Safety, Nutrition, Hygiene, Promoting health and preventing illness
What occurs in Pre-pubescence for males
Progressive enlargement of testicles, seminal ducts, prostate gland
Enlargement and reddening of the scrotal sac
Increase in length and circumference of penis
Appearance of downy pubic hair
What occurs in Pubescence for males?
Increase in amount, pigmentation and curling of pubic hair
Growth spurt involving height and weight increase
Deepening of the voice due to growth of larynx
Enlargement of testicles
Increased pigmentation and growth of scrotum
Growth of penis in length and circumference
Beginning of spermatogenesis
