lecture 22: population genetics 2, natural selection, and adaptation Flashcards
consanguinity
property of being descended from the same ancestor as another person
why is inbreeding genetically bad
identity by descent
inbreeding increases the percent homozygous because offspring can inherit two identical copies of an allele from the same ancestor
inbreeding coefficient
the probability that a child born to related parents will be IBD at any locus
calculating inbreeding coefficient
malaria
sickle cell resistance to malaria
no selection
new allele under neutral evolution (no selection) rises and falls in prevalence by chance
positive selection
new allele under positive selection rises rapid
balancing selection
new allele under balancing selection rises rapidly in prevalence in the population up to an equilibrium point
negative selection
new alleles under negative selection will get rapidly weeded out of the population
how did we find genes
human and chimp genomes
why is purifying selection important
how to detect positive selection