lecture 17- evo devo Flashcards
deep homology
the exchangeability of the pox-6 mouse and eyeless (drosophila) genes between insects and vertebrates, implying conservation of ancient ancestral function
when is diversity established?:
during embryogenesis (in early embryogenesis, most vertebrates look very similar
totipotent
has the potential to develop into any cell type
determination
cell cannot determine it’s fate
how many different cell types are there
200
is determination reprogramming possible
yes
life cycle of a fruit fly
genetic control of development
complementation test
complementation test, also called cis-trans test, in genetics, test for determining whether two mutations associated with a specific phenotype represent two different forms of the same gene (alleles) or are variations of two different genes. The complementation test is relevant for recessive traits (traits normally not present in the phenotype due to masking by a dominant allele). In instances when two parent organisms each carry two mutant genes in a homozygous recessive state, causing the recessive trait to be expressed, the complementation test can determine whether the recessive trait will be expressed in the next generation
egg polarity genes
establishment of main body axes (dorsal, ventral, rostral, caudal)
segmentation genes
control the differentiation of the embryo into individual segments (determines the number and polarity of segments)
segment identity
establish the identity of each segment (like this part needs, wings, this part needs legs, this part needs genitals)
morphogens
proteins that vary in concentration and elicit different developmental responses at different concentrations
egg polarity genes: dorsal ventral axis
egg polarity genes: anterior-posterior