lecture 21: population genetics 1, hardy-weinberg Flashcards
achondroplasia
what can frequencies of offspring in a family cross tell us
dominant vs recessive
what can frequencies of alleles/genotypes in a population tell us
rare and common
genetic studies: comparative genomics
studies of different species and how theyre related
genetic studies: mendelian genetics
studies of the offspring in one specific family (tells about dominant or recessive)
genetic studies: population genetics
studies of the members of a population in one specific species (tells about rare and common, and allele history)
criteria for a population at harvey weinberg equilibrium
allele frequencies not changing
genotype frequencies are product of random mating and not changing
(population is not evolving)
random mating
all members throwing their alleles into a hat, each genotype made by choosing 2 gametes at random
a population at hw equilibrium
allele frequencies not changing
genotype frequencies not changing after one generation of random mating
for hw equilibrium define the allele frequencies
p is frequency of more common allele, p is frequency of less common allele
p+q=1
how long does it take random mating to get to hw equilibrium
1 generation
hemizygous
a genotype consisting of only a single copy of a particular gene in an otherwise diploid organism
x linked recessive traits
affected females are homozygous, affected males are hemizygous
what can cause evolution
genetic drift
non random mating
mutation
migration
selection
genetic drift
the change in allele frequencies due to random chance in a finite population
hw assumes a population is infinitely large such that drift doesnt occur