lecture 22 epidemology Flashcards
what is epidemology
study of occurence, distribution, control of health and disease
disease occuring randomly, irregularly is called
sporadic
disease is constantly present, at low levels in a population
endemic
outbreak affeting a large population
epidmeic
sudden, unexpected occurence, localized is called
outbreak
global epidemic is called
Pandemic
what is teh index case
the first patient presenting the symptoms
incidence of a disease is called
morbidity
incidence of death among infected indidviduals
case fatality rate
learn measuremnt formula
salmonella outbreak
small mutations in virulence factors help avoid immune response is called
antigenic drift
major change in antigenic character of virulence factor
antigenic shift
Antigenic shift in influenza virus
can become superinfected ,
the process of animal disease being transmitted to humans
zoonosis
organism that transmits disease from one host to another
vector
inaminate object, contaminated
fomite
nosocomial infection
infection acquired in the hospital
nosocomial infection is also known as
Helathcare Associated Infections (HAI)
sourced of pathogens
water
food
soil
know the modes of transmission
but not examples
host susceptibility
host defense
nutrition
genetic disposition
stress
innate or induced resistance to a pathogen
immunity
most of the population is immune, whihc protects small group of non-immune
herd immunity
purpose of high herd immunity
it is difficult for pathogen to spread throughout the population
