lecture 20 Flashcards
commensals/ mutualistic
microbes that are not causing harm but rather benefitting u
Gastrointestinal microbata is made up of
large bacteriodetes
Firmicutes
Proteobacteria
Function of gastrointestinal microbata
they are unique and train immune system on how to respond
gastrointestinal microbata has a
gut “enterotype”
gastrointestinal iof the stimach
helicobacteri pylori
gastric lumner ph1-2
mucuc layer at wall pH 6-7
which diseases is found in 50 % of world population, causes irritation of the stomach
Helicobacter pylori
gastrointestinal iof the small intestine ph
the further away from the duodemum, the decrease in pH
as small intestine becomes more acid, what happens to microbes
less microbes is found.
what species do you expect to find in small intestine
enterococci and lactobacilli
amount of species in large intestine
10^10- 10^11 bacteria/gram
what kind of species foundin large intetsine
mostly anaerobes like faculatative (E.coli), Archaea-methanogens, yeast-candidia
remember amino acid, organix acis, vitamins product or enzymes
thiamine, riboflavin, pyridocine, B12
skin microbiota is made up of what species
bacteria anf yeasts
number of species in skin microbiota
10^6 bacteria/cm^2
s influenced by
sweat
wether
health
age
pets
personal hygiene
function of skin and mucous membrane
barrier to infection
what is competeitve exclusion
is when the skin rstricts the outside and insude
skin is on
the outside
mucous membrane is on
the inside
when is the first time you are colonized
immediately after birth by mother
vaginal vs C section microbiome changes
children share 72% of mother biome compared to 42% of C section
breast milk vs formula milk microbiome chnage
more lactobacillus, bifidobacterium in breast milk.
function of B’longum
digest complex breast milk polysaccharides
as the diversity of microbiome decrease, what happens to species
more bacteriodetes, less firmicutes more diseases
what is dysbiosis
disruption of the homeostasis between microbiota and the host
characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease
chronic gut inflammation
altered gut microbiota
comparing IBD patient with healthy subsject, which has more diveristy
reduced functional diversity in IBD patients
what is C.difficile
happens when someone loses diversity of colon, C.diff outgrowth production of toxins
C.diff prodices
antiobiotic associated diarrhea
what is pseudomembranous colitis
this is the worse state of C.diff diarhea characterised by inflammatory lesions, perforation and shock
what plays a role in Obesity
gut microbiota plays a role because of lack of ability to block fermentation
Types of Oral Dysbiosis
Dental caries and periodontitis
dental carries
fermentatiion leads to acid production, decrease in diversity
Priodontitis
this is inflammation can lead to destruction of gums, bone transplant. decrease in diveristy
diffewrence between vaginosis and vaginities
odor, discharge for vaginosis while vaginitis is inflammatory infection
What occurs in vaginal dysbiosis
decrease in lactobacillus, growth of candida, trichomonas vaginalis
what are probiotic
live microorganisms which, when administere din adewquate amounts, confer a health benefit on host
prebiotics
plant nutrient we cannot digest, but fermentative gut nicrobes can
synbiotics
probiotic +prebiotic
