lecture 20

Question 1

commensals/ mutualistic

Answer 1

microbes that are not causing harm but rather benefitting u

Question 2

Gastrointestinal microbata is made up of

Answer 2

large bacteriodetes
Firmicutes
Proteobacteria

Question 3

Function of gastrointestinal microbata

Answer 3

they are unique and train immune system on how to respond

Question 4

gastrointestinal microbata has a

Answer 4

gut “enterotype”

Question 5

gastrointestinal iof the stimach

Answer 5

helicobacteri pylori
gastric lumner ph1-2
mucuc layer at wall pH 6-7

Question 6

which diseases is found in 50 % of world population, causes irritation of the stomach

Answer 6

Helicobacter pylori

Question 7

gastrointestinal iof the small intestine ph

Answer 7

the further away from the duodemum, the decrease in pH

Question 8

as small intestine becomes more acid, what happens to microbes

Answer 8

less microbes is found.

Question 9

what species do you expect to find in small intestine

Answer 9

enterococci and lactobacilli

Question 10

amount of species in large intestine

Answer 10

10^10- 10^11 bacteria/gram

Question 11

what kind of species foundin large intetsine

Answer 11

mostly anaerobes like faculatative (E.coli), Archaea-methanogens, yeast-candidia

Question 12

remember amino acid, organix acis, vitamins product or enzymes

Answer 12

thiamine, riboflavin, pyridocine, B12

Question 13

skin microbiota is made up of what species

Answer 13

bacteria anf yeasts

Question 14

number of species in skin microbiota

Answer 14

10^6 bacteria/cm^2

Question 15

s influenced by

Answer 15

sweat
wether
health
age
pets
personal hygiene

Question 16

function of skin and mucous membrane

Answer 16

barrier to infection

Question 17

what is competeitve exclusion

Answer 17

is when the skin rstricts the outside and insude

Question 18

skin is on

Answer 18

the outside

Question 19

mucous membrane is on

Answer 19

the inside

Question 20

when is the first time you are colonized

Answer 20

immediately after birth by mother

Question 21

vaginal vs C section microbiome changes

Answer 21

children share 72% of mother biome compared to 42% of C section

Question 22

breast milk vs formula milk microbiome chnage

Answer 22

more lactobacillus, bifidobacterium in breast milk.

Question 23

function of B’longum

Answer 23

digest complex breast milk polysaccharides

Question 24

as the diversity of microbiome decrease, what happens to species

Answer 24

more bacteriodetes, less firmicutes more diseases

Question 25

what is dysbiosis

Answer 25

disruption of the homeostasis between microbiota and the host

Question 26

characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease

Answer 26

chronic gut inflammation
altered gut microbiota

Question 27

comparing IBD patient with healthy subsject, which has more diveristy

Answer 27

reduced functional diversity in IBD patients

Question 28

what is C.difficile

Answer 28

happens when someone loses diversity of colon, C.diff outgrowth production of toxins

Question 29

C.diff prodices

Answer 29

antiobiotic associated diarrhea

Question 30

what is pseudomembranous colitis

Answer 30

this is the worse state of C.diff diarhea characterised by inflammatory lesions, perforation and shock

Question 31

what plays a role in Obesity

Answer 31

gut microbiota plays a role because of lack of ability to block fermentation

Question 32

Types of Oral Dysbiosis

Answer 32

Dental caries and periodontitis

Question 33

dental carries

Answer 33

fermentatiion leads to acid production, decrease in diversity

Question 34

Priodontitis

Answer 34

this is inflammation can lead to destruction of gums, bone transplant. decrease in diveristy

Question 35

diffewrence between vaginosis and vaginities

Answer 35

odor, discharge for vaginosis while vaginitis is inflammatory infection

Question 36

What occurs in vaginal dysbiosis

Answer 36

decrease in lactobacillus, growth of candida, trichomonas vaginalis

Question 37

what are probiotic

Answer 37

live microorganisms which, when administere din adewquate amounts, confer a health benefit on host

Question 38

prebiotics

Answer 38

plant nutrient we cannot digest, but fermentative gut nicrobes can

Question 39

synbiotics

Answer 39

probiotic +prebiotic