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micro bio lab exam 1 > lecture 21 pathogenesis > Flashcards

lecture 21 pathogenesis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is an infection

A

when an pathogen us growing or multiplying in or an host.

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2
Q

when the host is not capable of controlling g microbial activity, this iscalled __

A

infectious disease

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3
Q

the numbe rof microbes needed to kill the dose

A

lethal dose

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4
Q

what is the dose that kills 50% of hosts

A

LD 50

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5
Q

LOWER ld50 =

A

greater virulence

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6
Q

number of microbes needed to see the signs of infection in 50% of the hosts

A

ID 50

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7
Q

number of microbes needed to cause an infection

A

Infectious DOse

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8
Q

what can be said about professional poathogens

A

alwasy cause diseases

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9
Q

descirbe opportunistic pathogenes

A

wait for an opportunity to cause disease, like break in barrier, drop in immune system, compromised host

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10
Q

streptococcus pyogenes

A

strep throat

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11
Q

staphylococcus aureus

A

skin infections

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12
Q

proprionibacterium acnes

A

acne

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13
Q

examples of opportunistic pathogen

A

strep throat, skin infections, acne

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14
Q

two major branches of immunity

A

Nonspecific mechanisms (Innate immunity)
Specific mechanisms (Acquired immunity)

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15
Q

example of innate community

A

phagocytosis, inflammation

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16
Q

types of acquired immunity

A

humoral (antibody)
cell-mediated (cytotoxic T cells)

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17
Q

what immunity attacks extra-cellular pathogenes

A

Humoral (antibody mediated), like bloood, lymph

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18
Q

what immunity attacks intra cellular pathogens

A

cytotoxic T cell.

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19
Q

types of pathogenes

A

extracellular pathogens
intracellular pathogens

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20
Q

what are extracellular pathogens and what do they infect

A

resid eoutside of the cells and infect typical bacterium

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21
Q

Host defenses for innate immunity

A

phagocytosis

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22
Q

process of phagocytosis

A
  • phagocytes digest foreign particles
  • degraded in lysosomes
  • cause inflammation
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23
Q

what clears bacteria in tack punctured skin

A

neutrophils and macrophage

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24
Q

host defenses using adaptive immunity

A

certain phagocytes present bits of what they captured (microbe) to T cells. T cells produce pro-inflammatory molecules.

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25
Q

antigen presenting cells active

A

T cells, b cells

26
Q

viral pathogenesis steps

A

APSAR attachement, penetration synthesis, assemble/packaging release

27
Q

what is tropism

A

this is a specific receptor and lignad needed/ present to bind

28
Q

release is done by

A

lysis and budding

29
Q

what is the outcome of viral poathogenesis

A

cell death (apoptosis), chronic infection, latent infection, cancer.

30
Q

how is bacteria pathogenessis different from virus

A

they are looking for a niche

31
Q

what happens after a bacteria finds a niche

A

infect host
attach to a surface
invade tissue
multiply
exit host

32
Q

parts of bacteria pathogenesis

A

genome
pathogenicity islands
virulence plasmids

33
Q

attachment of microorganism to a surface is called

A

binding

34
Q

what is the establishmant of a microorganism in a particular niche (growth there)

A

colonization

35
Q

what are the adhesins added

A

pilli, other protein

36
Q

what is involved in binding

A

the bacteria produce adhesive struictures, adhesins, recognize specific receptors

37
Q

pilli is also known as

A

fibriae

38
Q

what can be said about the afimbiral adhesins

A

no pilus but still bind a receptor

39
Q

what does variable domain or conserved domain need

A

m protein , and bind to many different receptors

40
Q

other adhesive structurs

A

teichoic acids
capsules
flagella
non specific

41
Q

how does invading into a host cell happen

A

induce uptake, actively invade

42
Q

how doe invading int he tissues occur

A

lytic enzymes
transcytosis (intestinal epithelium)
penetrate deeper tissues
systemic : enter blood stream

43
Q

how does salmonella invasion

A

through induce uptake, reorganize the actin and membrane ruffles

44
Q

how does toxoplasma gondii invade the cell

A

bumps into target cell, releases toxins into host cell. then reorganize and allow the receptors into the adhesins. forcefil entry

45
Q

what molecules alter host cell function

A

toxin

46
Q

disease that results from a toxin

A

intoxication

47
Q

example of toxins

A

botulism
tetanus

48
Q

endotoxin _______ to the microbes

A

attach

49
Q

example fo endotoxin

A

LPS

50
Q

how does LPS work

A

lipid A is most immunogenic part
they induyce cells to release pyrogens
septic shock

51
Q

function ofn pyrogens

A

induce fever

52
Q

secreted toxins are called

A

exotoxins

53
Q

types of exotoxins

A
  1. AB toxins
  2. Cytolytic
  3. Superantigens
54
Q

AB toxins component

A

A is enzymatic subunit, B is the binding subunit

55
Q

examples of AB toxins

A

diphtheria Toxins
cholara toxin
anthrax toxin

56
Q

ways to evade phagocytosis

A

kill the phagocyte
phase variation=change antigen

57
Q

molecules that bind natibodies

A

Protein A & Protein G

58
Q

Bio film formation

A

are antibiotic resistance, rsisitance to immune activity cause chronic infection

59
Q

explain frustrated phagocytosis

A

when white blood cells cannot phagocytose biofilm bacteria. bacteria areee resistant to antibodies and antibiotics

60
Q

when are biofilm suspectible for phagocytosis

A

when seed is used for disoersal and dissemination

micro bio lab exam 1 (10 decks)

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