Lecture 22 Flashcards
glycolysis and anaerobic respiration occur in the ___
cytoplasm
___ and ___ occur in the cytoplasm
glycolysis and anaerobic respiration
oxidation of pyruvate and the citric acid cycle occur in the ___
matrix
___ and the ___ occur in the matrix
oxidation of pyruvate and the citric acid cycle
during ETC:
how many types of proton pumps are there in the inner membrane of the mitochondria?
3
during ETC:
NADH transports electrons to proton pump ___
1
during ETC:
___ transports electrons to proton pump 1
NADH
during ETC:
FADH2 transports electrons to proton pump ___
2
during ETC:
___ transports electrons to proton pump 2
FADH2
during ETC:
an ETC carries electrons to proton pumps ___ and ___
2 and 3
during ETC:
an ___ carries electrons to proton pumps 2 and 3
ETC
during ETC:
oxygen is the final ___ ___
electron acceptor
during ETC:
___ is the final electron acceptor
oxygen
during ETC:
oxygen is the ___ electron acceptor
final
during ETC:
oxygen is the final ___ acceptor
electron
during ETC:
oxygen is the final electron ___
acceptor
proton gradient formation:
energy from the electrons powers the ___ ___
proton pumps
proton gradient formation:
___ from the electrons powers the proton pumps
energy
proton gradient formation:
energy from the ___ powers the proton pumps
electrons
proton gradient formation:
protons (from the matrix) form a gradient in the inner ___ ___
membrane space
proton gradient formation:
protons (from the matrix) form a gradient in the ___ membrane space
inner
proton gradient formation:
protons (from the matrix) form a ___ in the inner membrane space
gradient
proton gradient formation:
___ (from the matrix) form a gradient in the inner membrane space
protons
proton gradient formation:
protons (from the ___) form a gradient in the inner membrane space
matrix
chemiosmosis:
protons flow thru the ___ ___
ATP synthase
chemiosmosis:
___ flow thru the ATP synthase
protons
chemiosmosis:
proton flow thru the ATP synthase is used to make ___
ATP
chemiosmosis:
___ … is used to make ATP
proton flow thru the ATP synthase
efficiency of respiration:
ATP yield from 1 glucose molecule: ___ ATPs
___% efficiency, the max for eukaryotes
36 ATPs
38% efficiency
efficiency of respiration:
usually, less than 36 ATPs are produced from 1 glucose molecule because
mitochondrial membrane leaks –> dissipates some of the proton gradient
proton gradient is also used to drive other processes (sacrificing some ATP production)
diversity of life on earth is ___
vast
why we need a method to categorize and name organisms
allows scientists to communicate about organisms precisely
provides method to show relationship b/n organisms (phylogeny)
- how closely or distantly organisms are related
relationships (phylogeny):
similar features allow us to:
group organisms together
infer common ancestry
can also infer that an organism is more closely related to one organism than another
difficulties in building family trees:
similarities b/n organisms come in 2 types
homology
analogy
homology (definition and example)
similarities due to common ancestry
ex. foreleg of horse and cow
analogy (definition and example)
similarities due to a common type of solution to a survival problem
ex. wings of a bat and wings of a fly
which type of similarity is more useful for building family trees?
homology
