Lecture 22

Question 1

glycolysis and anaerobic respiration occur in the ___

Answer 1

cytoplasm

Question 2

___ and ___ occur in the cytoplasm

Answer 2

glycolysis and anaerobic respiration

Question 3

oxidation of pyruvate and the citric acid cycle occur in the ___

Answer 3

matrix

Question 4

___ and the ___ occur in the matrix

Answer 4

oxidation of pyruvate and the citric acid cycle

Question 5

during ETC:

how many types of proton pumps are there in the inner membrane of the mitochondria?

Answer 5

3

Question 6

during ETC:

NADH transports electrons to proton pump ___

Answer 6

1

Question 7

during ETC:

___ transports electrons to proton pump 1

Answer 7

NADH

Question 8

during ETC:

FADH2 transports electrons to proton pump ___

Answer 8

2

Question 9

during ETC:

___ transports electrons to proton pump 2

Answer 9

FADH2

Question 10

during ETC:

an ETC carries electrons to proton pumps ___ and ___

Answer 10

2 and 3

Question 11

during ETC:

an ___ carries electrons to proton pumps 2 and 3

Answer 11

ETC

Question 12

during ETC:

oxygen is the final ___ ___

Answer 12

electron acceptor

Question 13

during ETC:

___ is the final electron acceptor

Answer 13

oxygen

Question 14

during ETC:

oxygen is the ___ electron acceptor

Answer 14

final

Question 15

during ETC:

oxygen is the final ___ acceptor

Answer 15

electron

Question 16

during ETC:

oxygen is the final electron ___

Answer 16

acceptor

Question 17

proton gradient formation:

energy from the electrons powers the ___ ___

Answer 17

proton pumps

Question 18

proton gradient formation:

___ from the electrons powers the proton pumps

Answer 18

energy

Question 19

proton gradient formation:

energy from the ___ powers the proton pumps

Answer 19

electrons

Question 20

proton gradient formation:

protons (from the matrix) form a gradient in the inner ___ ___

Answer 20

membrane space

Question 21

proton gradient formation:

protons (from the matrix) form a gradient in the ___ membrane space

Answer 21

inner

Question 22

proton gradient formation:

protons (from the matrix) form a ___ in the inner membrane space

Answer 22

gradient

Question 23

proton gradient formation:

___ (from the matrix) form a gradient in the inner membrane space

Answer 23

protons

Question 24

proton gradient formation:

protons (from the ___) form a gradient in the inner membrane space

Answer 24

matrix

Question 25

chemiosmosis:

protons flow thru the ___ ___

Answer 25

ATP synthase

Question 26

chemiosmosis:

___ flow thru the ATP synthase

Answer 26

protons

Question 27

chemiosmosis:

proton flow thru the ATP synthase is used to make ___

Answer 27

ATP

Question 28

chemiosmosis:

___ … is used to make ATP

Answer 28

proton flow thru the ATP synthase

Question 29

efficiency of respiration:

ATP yield from 1 glucose molecule: ___ ATPs

___% efficiency, the max for eukaryotes

Answer 29

36 ATPs

38% efficiency

Question 30

efficiency of respiration:

usually, less than 36 ATPs are produced from 1 glucose molecule because

Answer 30

mitochondrial membrane leaks –> dissipates some of the proton gradient

proton gradient is also used to drive other processes (sacrificing some ATP production)

Question 31

diversity of life on earth is ___

Answer 31

vast

Question 32

why we need a method to categorize and name organisms

Answer 32

allows scientists to communicate about organisms precisely

provides method to show relationship b/n organisms (phylogeny)
- how closely or distantly organisms are related

Question 33

relationships (phylogeny):

similar features allow us to:

Answer 33

group organisms together
infer common ancestry

can also infer that an organism is more closely related to one organism than another

Question 34

difficulties in building family trees:

similarities b/n organisms come in 2 types

Answer 34

homology

analogy

Question 35

homology (definition and example)

Answer 35

similarities due to common ancestry

ex. foreleg of horse and cow

Question 36

analogy (definition and example)

Answer 36

similarities due to a common type of solution to a survival problem
ex. wings of a bat and wings of a fly

Question 37

which type of similarity is more useful for building family trees?

Answer 37

homology