LECTURE 21 - information processing (stage 2)

Question 1

what is stage 2 of the information processing model ?

Answer 1

response selection

Question 2

what are the two response selection stages :

Answer 2

1. number of stimulus-response (SR) alternatives
2. stimulus (or spatial) compatibility

Question 3

what does increasing the number of alternatives increase …

Answer 3

the time required to process and select an appropriate response

Question 4

between 2-SR and 4-SR alternatives which has an increases reaction time (typically in ms) ?

Answer 4

4-SR

Question 5

what is Hick-Hyman’s Law ? (1952)

Answer 5

a psychological principle which states that the more options are available to a person, the longer it will take for him or her to make a decision about which option is best

Question 6

the following three points are in regards to which law ?
- choice RT is determined by index of difficulty
- ID = index of difficulty in bits of information
- choice RT = a + b [log2(N)]

Answer 6

hick-hyman law

Question 7

what is Shannon’s information processing theorem ?

Answer 7

that older adults take longer to process info

Question 8

which law let’s us determine prediction of RT through this equation; RT = a + b [log2(N)] ?

Answer 8

hick-hymans law

Question 9

in which law are we reducing uncertainty by half ?

Answer 9

hick-hymans law

Question 10

what is spatial compatibility ?

Answer 10

the situation where the selection of a response is directly related to the position of the related stimulus

Question 11

what does spatial compatibility do ?

Answer 11

facilitates response selection time and accuracy

Question 12

what is the fitts posner theory ?

Answer 12

• two choice reaction experiment
• the lights go on and you have to press the associated key
• issue associated with the response selection
• people are going to be prone to making errors

Question 13

what does the fitts posner theory tell us ?

Answer 13

when we see a cue, visual attention is oriented towards that cue, which has the effect of enhancing visual processing at the cued/attended location

Question 14

which experiment was the fitts posner theory ?

Answer 14

the light stimulus associated with keys A and B (spacial compatibility)

Question 15

what does spacial compatibility facilitate ?

Answer 15

response selection time and accuracy

Question 16

what is the stroop task ?

Answer 16

way to test speed and accuracy

Question 17

what does the stroop task test ?

Answer 17

tests inhibitory control of individual

Question 18

what is done during the stroop task experiment ?

Answer 18

meaning of the word vs colour of the ink/wording

Question 19

having the word “green” in the colour green is what form ?

Answer 19

standard

Question 20

having the word “yellow” in the colour red is what form ?

Answer 20

non-standard

Question 21

what does non-standard evoke ?

Answer 21

DLPFC

Question 22

what is DLPFC ?

Answer 22

the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Question 23

what is the DLPFC responsible for ?

Answer 23

a brain area associated with domain general executive control functions such as task switching and task-set reconfiguration, prevention of interference, inhibition, planning, and working memory

Question 24

what did Henry and Rogers (1960) want to understand ?

Answer 24

understand how the complexity of a movement affected reaction time (RT)

Question 25

what does SR stand for ?

Answer 25

stimulus response

Question 26

what were the three steps of the Henry and Rogers (1960) experiment ?

Answer 26

1. lift finger following stimulus
2. lift finger and move 33cm to grasp a tennis ball
3. lift finger and move 33cm to grasp a tennis ball then move in the opposite direction to grasp a second tennis ball

Question 27

when will reaction time increase …

Answer 27

reaction time increased as a function of the number of movements performed in a sequence

Question 28

is reaction time the independent or dependent variable ?

Answer 28

dependent

Question 29

what is motor program ?

Answer 29

all the neurological code needed for a reaction

Question 30

what does it mean if a motor program is more complex ?

Answer 30

longer to plan response

Question 31

what is the frontal parietal network important for ?

Answer 31

response programming processes

Question 32

who’s study was used to demonstrate stage 3 (aka response programming) ?

Answer 32

henry and rogers

Question 33

what are the three stages within the three stage model of information processing ?

Answer 33

• stimulus identification
• response selection
• response programming