Lecture 20 - Stimulants Flashcards
What do stimulants do?
Increase alertness, self-confidence and concentration; activate the CVS
Reduce fatigue and appetite
Increase speed, power, endurance and concentration
The effects of stimulants are * and * to avoid as they are produced by * of other compounds and are found in our * like coffee
Temporary; difficult; metabolism; diets
What do sympathomimetic amines do?
What do CNS stimulants do?
What do psychomotor stimulants do? (Give an example)
Potentiate effects of sympathetic nervous system
Affect mental function, increase activity of respiratory and vasomotor centres, increase reflex excitability
Cause excitement/euphoria, increase motor activity and decrease fatigue e.g cocaine
How might amphetamines give an unfair advantage in exercise?
What are the central effects? (4)
They increase cardiac output which increases flow to muscle and energy mobilisation
Locomotive stimulation
Euphoria/excitement
Stereotype behaviour
Anorexia
What is the structure of amphetamine related to? Give an example of a derivative
Monoamine neurotransmitters like NA and dopamine
MDMA is a derivative
Monoamines have little * activity and are * by monoamine *
The derivatives are more * and MO *; they’re absorbed and enter , they can be snorted/smoked/ or taken * and there is a quick * in concentration.
They’re are not * in body and * in urine; can be * 2-4 days post use
Oral; metabolised; oxidase
Stable; resistant; CNS; injected; orally; increase
Metabolised; eliminated; detected
What is amphetamines’ mechanism of action?
Arrives at noradrenergic synapse in CNS or sympathetic NS
Provides competition (more NA in synapse)
Transported by VMAT into vesicles instead of monoamine (also causes non vesicular release of monoamine)
Now monoamines free in cytoplasm so leave by uptake 1 and regulate post synaptic effects
What are trace amine associated receptors?
What effects can trace amines have on athletic performance?
These receptors have agonists called trace amines, which monoamine oxidase metabolises and presents (especially in brain). They also interact with monoamines like dopamine and amphetamine
Trace amines regulate uptake 1 protein, so amphetamine inhibition causes uptake 1 inhibition, which causes more NA in synapse
Enhance mood/performance, and possibly increase strength, anaerobic capacity and fatigue resistance
What are the adverse effects of trace amines?
What are the chronic side effects?
Increased heart rate and blood pressure Stomach upset and nausea Headaches/convulsion Misjudgement Death from ruptured blood vessels
Dyskinesias - tics Compulsive behaviour Paranoia Nerve damage Dependence
