Lecture 20: Enjoyment and Entertainment

Question 1

A Model for Entertainment

Answer 1

• User Prerequisites
  
  • “We need to be ready”.
  • Parasocial relationships- forming relationships wtih characters, get inside of their head.
  • Suspension, empathy, presence
• Motives
  
  • Escapism, mood management, achievement (restore self-esteem), competition
• Media Prerequisites
  
  • Product (technology, design, aesthetics, content)
• Effects
  
  • What we accomplish

Question 2

Mood Management Theory (Dolf Zilmann)

Answer 2

• Selective use of entertainment media
• Basic premise
  
  • Motivated to terminate noxious, aversive stimulation, to reduce it’s duration and intensity
• Propositions
  
  • Make choices to minimize aversion and maximize gratifications, in both time and intensity
    
    • Not always conscious.
    • Reinforce what it has worked.
    • Enjoy more if a stimulus restores equilibrium (satisfaction of heightened model).

Question 3

Bryant & Zilmann Study (1984)

Answer 3

• Arousal measures
  
  • Heart rate, blood pressure, questionairre ratings
• Manipulated variables
  
  • Boredom and stress
• Selective viewing
  
  • Program choices
  • The relative amoung of time spent on each type of program during 15 min. period

Question 4

Bryant & Zilmann Results 1

Answer 4

• Those in the boredom condition spend more time watching exciting videos.
• For stressed individuals: it was 1/2 relaxing, 1/2 exciting

Question 5

Bryant & Zilmann Results 2

Answer 5

• For “bored” people, physiological arousal increased.
• For “stressed” people, physiological arousal decreased.

Question 6

Horror Movie Study

Answer 6

• When do we enjoy horror movies?
• Participants watched horror movie in the presence of opposite sex who showed one of these:
  
  • Mastery
  • Distress
  • Indifference

Question 7

Horror Movie Study: Affective Responses

Answer 7

• Males enjoyed more if female experienced distress.
• If male experienced distress, women enjoyed the movie less.

Question 8

Horror Movie Study: Rating of One’s Companion

Answer 8

• Males found female actress more physically attractive if she showed distress.
• Females found male actor more less physically attractive if he showed distress.

Question 9

Dual Process Model

Answer 9

• Appreciation involves more cognitive input.
  
  • Ex: Schindler’s List
• Enjoyment is pure pleasure after engaging with a media .
  
  • Ex: Little Mermaid
• Eudaimonic gratification
• Hedonic gratification

Question 10

Hedonic gratification (Dual Process Model)

Answer 10

• Enjoyment
• You feel good after exposure to this media content
• Quick, pleasurable response
• The Little Mermaid

Question 11

Eudaimonic gratification (Dual Process Model)

Answer 11

• Appreciation
• Makes you think
• Helps to fulfill cognition needs
• Less enjoyable, but you have an appreciation for the content
• Slow and deliberate in processing media
  
  • Ex: Schindler’s list

Question 12

Non-hedonic vs. hedonic needs (Among other things study measured)

Answer 12

• Non-hedonic needs (Self Determination Theory- STD)
  
  • Competence
  • Autonomy
  • Relatedness
• Hedonic needs
  
  • “The game was..”
  • Arousal: arousing, stimulating, exciting
  • Absorption: interesting, absorbing, engaging
• Enjoyment
• Interactivity

Question 13

Extrinsic Needs

Answer 13

• Social media for entertainment
  
  • Entertainment 1.0
    
    • Another platform to consume media content.
  • Entertainment 2.0: A site to…
    
    • consume (Ex: Consume video posted by another user)
    • participate (Ex: Respond to content)
    • produce (Ex: Post self-created items)

Question 14

Extrinsic Needs defn

Answer 14

• Social pressure to use
• Influences from outside of self

Question 15

Facebook study

Answer 15

• Measuring needs
  
  • Intrinsic: autonomy, competence, relatedness
  • Extrinsic: “Use FB because other people expect me to.”
  • Enjoyment