Lecture 17: Social Categorization Flashcards
1
Q
“Media repertoire” (Webster and Kxiazek 2012)
A
- Audience sharing and content overlapping
2
Q
Social media as a means of cultural production and circulation
A
- Examples
- Selfies and online profiles: encoding role stereotypes
- Avatars and game plays: Enactment of gender role expectations
- Representation of teh offline social word via Instagram, Snapchat, FB, etc.
3
Q
Gendered communication
A
- Content analysis of 1,000 messages of 2010 top five teen chatrooms
- Offline patterns: male-initiating; aggressive;
- Females engaged in more reactive acts.
- Famles engaged in more info- exchange acts.
- Males engaged in more manipulative actws
4
Q
The World of MMO’s Study & Results
A
- MMO’s= Massively Multiplayer Online Games
- Content analysis of unique characters in multiplayer games
- White males dominate
- Both from the game and user-controlled
- User-created media tends to follow gender and race bias.
5
Q
Goffman: Gender Advertisements
A
- Sex vs. sexism
- Male gaze
- Repetition
6
Q
Sex vs. Sexism (Goffman)
A
- Ideology involving putting negative evaluations to physicial attributes
- Proves justification for inequality
7
Q
Male gaze (Goffman)
A
- The way visual arts are structured around a masculine viewer; describes the tendency to depict the world and women from a masculine point of view and in terms of men’s attitudes.
- Male gaze manifested in media depictions of women: images of men looking at women, female body objectified in order to sell product/idea/lifestyle to men
- Looking at members of a social group from a particular vantage point.
8
Q
Between-group Equality in Media Representation
A
- Visibility
- Diversity
- Substantitve Comparability
- Experiential Comparability
9
Q
Visibility (Between-Group Equality in Media)
A
- To what degree the grou pis represented as diverse & heterogenous
- Are there socially marginalized groups in tv/media?
- Can analyse through counting the numbers of heads (is a social group represented in the media?).
10
Q
Diversity (Between-Group Equality in Media)
A
- Can count the number of people
- Is a social group represented heterogeneously in the media?
- The degree to which each group is represented as diverse, the percents are usually not equal
11
Q
Substantive Comparability
(Between-Group Equality in Media)
A
- Whether representations reflect the reality, substantive (logical) characteristics
- Whether the media treats one group same as another group.
- Ex: media representing women as housewives, and men as lawyers would not be substantive
- When the media tries to portray different categories (white/black/asian), and the consistency in their descriptions.
- Ex. Whites are usually categorized as family oriented, strong etc.
12
Q
Experiential Comparability
(Between-Group Equality in Media)
A
- Whether the media treats specific group as they actually treat them in reality.
- Ex: women can be CEOs, but on the media they are portrayed as vulnerable and lower roles (receptionist/nurse etc.)
- Ex 2: Stating that every Asian is as athletic as Jeremy Lin
- 10% of women in real life are police officers, in the media, only 3% of female characters are police officers, would be not experiential
13
Q
Glassock 2011 (Some Stats)
A
- Shows gender distribution of Primetime TV characters
- Gender gap- underrepressentation of women
- But general trend in narrowing gender gap
- Males more likely to be placed in powerful occupations (substantive comparability)
- Females more likely to be in occupations that provide assisting services.
14
Q
Dixon & Linz 2000: Race & Ethnicity
A
- Looked at 200 TV newscasts in LA Market 1996
- Victimization Comparisons (Compairing actual victimization rate w/ TV citimitzation rate)
- Blacks & Latinos: victimization underrepresented
- Whites: victimization overrepresented
- Perpetrator Comparisons (Comparing arrest rate vs. TV perpetrator rate)
- Blacks: overrepresented
- Whites & latinos: underrepresented
- LA riots: only black vs. white people
- ***But 96-97 Latinos were just underrepresented in general.
*
- Victimization Comparisons (Compairing actual victimization rate w/ TV citimitzation rate)
15
Q
Travis Dixon 2006 Results
A
- Effect: induces fear of blacks?
- Comparing when majority of suspects are blacks/ no race ID/ whites
- Basically no race ID.. or blacks were in support of the police
- But blacks scored slightly higher on mis-memory than no ID
- (Mis-memory measures memory impairment due to traumatic experiences).
