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Food Medicine > Lecture 20 > Flashcards

Lecture 20 Flashcards

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1
Q

4 types of photochemicals

A

Terpenes, Chlorophyll’s, Polyphenols, and Prganosulfur Compounds

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2
Q

Phytochemicals

A

Substances that aren’t essential nutrients. Health promoting. Biologically active.

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3
Q

Photochemicals

A

Found in plant foods

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4
Q

Zoochemicals

A

In animal foods

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5
Q

What are phytosterols?

A

Photochemicals and zoochemicals

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6
Q

What are some of the profound effects that photochemicals have on the body through actions?

A

Act as antioxidants.
Mimicking hormones.
Altering blood constituents in ways that may protect against some diseases.

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7
Q

What does the combination of lemon and spinach do?

A

Vitamin C (lemon) + Iron (spinach)= triple iron absorption

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8
Q

What does the combination of salmon and yogurt do?

A

Vitamin D (salmon) + calcium (yogurt)= 65% more calcium absorption

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9
Q

What does the combination of tomato’s and broccoli do?

A

Antioxidants (tomatoes) + photochemicals (broccoli) = kills cancer cells

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10
Q

What does the combination of capsicum (bell peppers) and avocados do for the body?

A

Carotenoids (pepper/capsicum) + fats (avocado) = absorb fat soluble vitamins A,D,E,K

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11
Q

Phytochemicals in turmeric and mustard

A

Curcumin

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12
Q

Phytochemicals in soy and flax?

A

Phytoestrogens

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13
Q

What are the possible actions of Phytochemicals?

A

Antioxidant- protect cells against damage and reduce risk of developing cancer.

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14
Q

What are the benefits of taking vitamin C and E?

A

Benefits of high diesel of vitamin E is yet to be established. No convincing evidence of Vitamin C preventing disease.

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15
Q

What is a precursor of Vitamin A?

A

Beta-carotene

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16
Q

Lycopene

A

A carotenoid that’s present in tomatoes and watermelon.

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17
Q

Types of Vitamin A

A

Retinol and Beta Carotene

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18
Q

Retinol

A

Pure vitamin A only found in animal foods

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19
Q

Beta Carotene

A

Pro-vitamin A. Converted to vitamin a in gut wall.

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20
Q

Biological Activity in Carotenoids

A

Vitamin A activity
Antioxidant activity
Light filtering
Intercellular communication
Immune system function
Found in things like grapefruit, tomatoes, and watermelon.

21
Q

Biological Activity of Chlorophyll

A

May bind and inhibit absorption of carcinogens. More antioxidant activity.

22
Q

What do darker green vegetables mean?

A

More beta carotene

23
Q

Phytosterols

A

Resemble cholesterol in structure. More helpful because the compete with cholesterol for absorption and their presence reduces cholesterol absorption and helps lower blood cholesterol levels.

24
Q

Can human synthesize phytosterols?

A

No

25
Q

2 classes of phytosterols

A

Plant sterols. Plant Stanols.

26
Q

Major sources of plant sterols?

A

Fats and oils. Bread and cereals. Fruit and veggies. Nuts.

27
Q

How much do humans need of plant sterols food per day?

A

2 g/day

28
Q

What can daily consumption of phytosterols do?

A

Can significantly lower LDL cholesterol.

29
Q

Does the typical western diet have enough phytosterols

A

No, it is typically very low.

30
Q

Esterification

A

Make plant sterols and stanols incorporated into fat containing foods.

31
Q

Comparison of adding phytosterols to fat spreads vs. incorporated into things like chocolate, juice, cheese, meats, cereals, and bars.

A

phytosterols added to fat spreads,
mayonnaise, salad dressings, milk, or
yogurt more effectively reduced LDL-
cholesterol concentrations compared to
phytosterols incorporated into chocolate,
orange juice, cheese, meats, and cereal
bars.

32
Q

Statins

A

Some evidence showing that it initially reduces plant sterols concentrations in blood, suggested that 2x3 g/day of sterols or stanols

33
Q

Sulfur containing Phytochemicals

A

Indoles
Isothiocyanates
Alliums

34
Q

What does chopping or chewing raw cruciferous vegetables result in?

A

Formation of bio active compounds. Bio active compounds are also generated by gut bacteria with ingestion of cooked cruciferous veggies.

35
Q

What has high amounts of cruciferous veggies been associated with?

A

Increased thyroid cancer risk only in iodine deficient areas.

36
Q

Sulforaphanes in broccoli

A

Stimulate activity of enzymes that detoxify carcinogens. Broccoli sprouts are a concentrated source of this that mature broccoli plants.

37
Q

Discarded parts of veggies are found to surpass potency of commonly consumed parts of veggies.

A

Discarded veggie parts of certain veggies are more potent in blocking abnormal angiogenesis.
Broccoli stalks, carrot greens are twice as potent against abnormal angiogenesis than broccoli florets and carrot roots

38
Q

Angiogenesis

A

Normal process in human. Formation and differentiation of blood vessels.

39
Q

Sulphur compounds

A

Not present in intact cell. When ruptured they become volatile.

40
Q

Raspberry Ketones

A

No evidence it supports weight loss in humans

41
Q

Plant Polyphenols

A

Polyphenols are plant non-nutrient natural products. Some are responsible for aroma, color, antioxidant properties of the fruit, veggies, seeds, and nuts. They are reducing agents and referred to as antioxidants.

42
Q

Sources of Quercetin

A

Onions, scallions, kale. Dietary supplement with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

43
Q

Green tea

A

High dose consumption of green tea based dietary supplement could lead to liver dysfunction. Black tea equally as good.

44
Q

Is turmeric a polyphenol?

A

Curcumin is a polyphenol.

45
Q

Does olive oil contain polyphenol?

A

Polyphenolic compounds are abundant in olive oil.

46
Q

Is green tea richer in Polyphenols?

A

All plainness have about the same levels.

47
Q

Flavonoids

A

Plant pigments that add color

48
Q

Most abundant type of flavonoids?

A

Anthocyanins. In red blue covered berries, red cabbage. Anthocyanins found in black currants or beetroot. Also found in black soybeans (has Phytochemicals Anthocyanins)

Food Medicine (9 decks)

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