lecture 2 - the beginning of the world Flashcards
What is an ‘Atua’?
A god, spirit being, ancestor of ongoing influence
What is the word for ‘an ancestor of ongoing influence’?
Atua
What is a Tohunga?
Expert, priest or scholar, with knowledge endowed by atua to perform particular activities
Where does Tohunga knowledge originate?
With the atua, from the spiritual domain
Who acts as a medium between atua and humanity?
Tohunga
Who do karakia address?
The atua, performed by tohunga
What is the controversy surrounding Io?
Some scholars think Io is a later tribal tradition developed in response to the monotheism of Christianity, others believe that Io is an ancient tradition
Who was the key Nga Puhi tohunga (1924-1993)?
Māori marsden
According to the Nga Puhi Io narrative, where did Io exist eternally before initiating creation?
In Te Korekore - the realm of potential being
According to the Nga Puhi Io narrative, what is Te Korekore?
The ‘realm of potential being’ where Io existed before creation
According to the Nga Puhi Io narrative, what are the 3 epochs that form the ‘seed-bed of creation’?
Te Korekore (void), Te Kowhao (Abyss), Te Po (night)
According to the Nga Puhi Io narrative, what does Io implant into the first seed to enable the growth of creation?
Mauri (life principle)
According to the Nga Puhi Io narrative, what does Io breathe into creation to form structures of the material natural world, such as the sky, earth, spirit world?
Hau-ora (breath of life)
According to the Nga Puhi Io narrative, what is Io’s influence on Rangi and Papa’s offspring?
He implants rebelliousness in them so they will seek light - Te marama
According to the Ngati Kahungunu Io story, who does Io-mantua-te-kore unite with?
Papa-tu-a-nuku-matua-te-kore, in Te Kore (the void)
According to the Ngati Kahungunu Io story, what is the final stage in the development of the world from te po to te Ao?
The union of Rangi and Papa with their child Tane continuing devlopment of world with Io’s help, eventually Rangi and Papa are seperated by Tane and his brothers
According to the Ngati Kahungunu Io story, what does Tane use to seperate Rangi and Papa?
4 toko (poles)
According to the Ngati Kahungunu Io story, what happens to Tane after defeating his brother Whiro after the separation?
He climbs to Io and undergoes purification to become Tane-nui-a-rangi
According to the Ngati Kahungunu Io story, what does Io give Tane?
The 3 baskets of knowledge, and 2 sacred stones
According to the Ngati Kahungunu Io story, what does Tane do with Io’s gift of baskets of knowledge and sacred stones?
Returns to earth and deposits them in whare -kura
Who is the key Te Arawa tohunga?
Te Rangikaheke
Who is the key Ngai Tahu tohunga?
Matiaha Tiramorehu
In the Te Arawa separation narrative, which brother proposes separation?
Tane-mahuta
In the Te Arawa separation narrative, which brother proposes killing the parents?
Tu-mata-uenga
In the Te Arawa separation narrative, which brother disagrees with the tikanga of the separation and first attacks the other brothers with Rangi ?
Tawhiri-matea - he allies with Rangi with strong winds and weather
In the Te Arawa separation narrative, who attacks the brothers and eats them as utu?
Tu-mata-uenga
In the Ngai Tahu separation narrative, what is the name given to Ranginui?
Rakinui (Raki)
In the Ngai Tahu separation narrative, who was Papa’s first husband?
Takaroa/Tangaroa
In the Ngai Tahu separation narrative, who is Papa’s second husband?
Raki
In the Ngai Tahu separation narrative, why are Raki’s offspring sickly and weak?
Because he is beaten by Takaroa who fights him on the beach
In the Ngai Tahu separation narrative, who suggests the separation of Raki and Papa?
Raki himself - instructs Tane to seperate them so that light will grow
In the Ngai Tahu separation narrative, what does Tane decorate his father with?
Stars
In the Ngai Tahu separation narrative, who is Tane’s daughter, who he also couples with incestuously?
Hine-a-tauira
In the Ngai Tahu separation narrative, where does Hine-a-tauira run away to afte finding out who Tane is?
Te Po
In the Ngai Tahu humanity creation narrative, what is the name of the human created from Hawaiki’s earth?
Tiki-auaha
In the Ngai Tahu humanity creation narrative, what is the name of the female partner created from earth and water by Tane?
Io-wahine
In the Ngai Tahu humanity creation narrative, how does Tane establish the roles of the different excretory organs of the body?
Experimentally copulates with various parts of Io-wahine’s body
In the Ngati Kahungunu humanity creation narrative, what is the name for the female element?
Uha/uwha
In the Ngai Tahu humanity creation narrative, what does Tane create the female form from?
Earth from the puke (mons pubis) of Papa
In the Ngai Tahu humanity creation narrative, how is life breathed into Hine?
Tane breathes life into Hine and then sneezes - the sneeze of life (Tihe Mauri Ora)
In the Ngai Tahu humanity creation narrative, what is the name for Hine when she marries Tane after her creation?
Hine-ahu-one
In the Ngai Tahu humanity creation narrative, who becomes Hine-nui-te-po when she flees o the underworld?
Tane’s daughter, after discovering she has married him
What does Tu-mats-uenga represent?
War, violence, warrior
