Lecture 2: Skull And Face Flashcards
Outline obvious changes in form and appearance of skull associated with growth from birth to adult
Differences: Sutures Teeth Small mandible Face is grown out Ossification, no madibular symphoses
How many bones make up the cranium?
8 bones Parietal x2 Temporal x2 Frontal Occipital Sphenoid Ethmoid
How many facial bones are there?
14 facial bones Mandible Ethmoid Vomer Maxilla x2 Inferior nasal concha x2 Zygomatic x2 Palatine x2 Nasal x2 Lacrimal x2
Name the 4 cranial sutures
What are sutures?
Coronal suture
Sagittal suture
Lambdoid suture
Squamous suture
Fibrous joints that have ossified with age
What are the age changes in the cranium as you get older?
Cranial bones become thinner and lighter
Diploe become filled with grey gelatinous material (bone marrow of blood cells and fat)
Obliteration of cranial sutures at about age 30-40 (internal surface)
Age 40-50 on external surface refer to slide 20
What are pneumatized bones?
Bones that contain air spaces to decrease weight
Eg frontal, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid
Total volume of air spaces increases with age (absent at birth)
What bones make up the anterior fossa?
Middle fossa?
Posterior fossa?
Anterior fossa:
- frontal bone
- ethmoid bone
- sphenoid bone (lesser wing)
Middle fossa
- sphenoid (greater wing)
- Temporal bone
Posterior fossa
-occipital bone
Slide 20
What are the foramina of the cranial base: superior view
Slide 30
Look at slide 30
Name the layers of the scalp
Slide 39
S: skin C: connective tissue A: aponeurosis L: loose areolar tissue P: pericardium (periosteum covering outer surface of the skull
What is the diploe layer of the skull?
Spongy, porous, bony tissue between the external (thick/ tough) table and the internal (thin, dense brittle table)
What are the 3 arteries that supply blood to the face?
Superficial temporal artery
Maxillary artery
Facial artery
What is the sensory innervation of the face and scalp?
Anterior/anterolateral =Trigeminal nerve CNV 5
Posterolateral= anterior rami of spinal nerves
Posterior = posterior rami of spinal nerves
What is the muscle that sits on our forehead?
Occipitofrontalis
What is Bell’s palsy?
Injury to facial nerve (CN 7)
Paralysis of some or all facial muscles on the affected side
What are the muscles of mastication (4)
What is their blood supply and nerve innovation?
Temporalis Masseter Medial pterygoids Lateral pterygoids (Moves TMJ)
Blood supply: maxillary artery
Motor nerve: mandibular (branch of trigeminal nerve)
Slide 57
What is the junction between the frontal, coronal and sagittal suture called? (Anterior fontalle)
What is the junction between the sagittal and lambdoid sutures (posterior fontalle) called?
Bregma
Lambda
Greg and ma
Lamb and he’s a da
Craniometric points of the cranium
Name each of them slide 11
Do it or fail again women
Where does the Frankfort horizontal plane lie?
Slide 13
Inferior margin of the orbits and superior region of the external acoustic meatus.
Look at it slide 13
What is it called when the sutures become completely ossified?
Synostoses
Sensory innervation to face and scalp
What are the nerves that branch from CN 5- V1
What are the nerves that branch from CN 5- V2
What are the nerves that branch from CN 5- V3
V1: -supra orbital -Supratrochlear -infra trochlear -external nasal -lacrimal V2: -zygomatic temporal -zygomaticofacial -infra orbital V3: - auriculotemporal -buccal -mental
What are the branches of the facial nerve?
2 zoolus broke my cervix
Motor innervation to face
Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Mandibular Cervical
What comes out of the cribriform plate? Optic canal? Superior orbital fissure? Foramen rotundum? Foramen ovale? Foramen spinosum?
What comes out of the cribriform plate? Olfactory nerve bundles
Optic canal? Optic nerve 2, ophthalmic artery
Superior orbital fissure? Oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, ophthalmic V1 and superior ophthalmic vein
Foramen rotundum? Maxillary nerve CN V2
Foramen ovale? Mandibular CNV3, accessory meningeal artery,
Foramen spinosum? Mandibular CNV3 meningeal branch, middle meningeal artery and vein.
What come out the foramen lacerum? Carotid canal? Internal acoustic meatus? Jugular foramen? Hypoglossal canal? Foramen magnum?
What come out the foramen lacerum? (Filled with cartilage in life)
Carotid canal? (Internal carotid artery, internal carotid nerve plexus
Internal acoustic meatus? Facial nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve, labyrinths artery)
Jugular foramen? CN 9, 10, 11, posterior meningeal artery, sigmoid sinus.
Hypoglossal canal? CN 12- hypoglossal
Foramen magnum? (Medulla meninges, vertebral arteries, meningeal branches of vertebral arteries, CN 11 spinal nerve roots
