Lecture 16 & 17: Abdominal Organs Flashcards
Label of the diagram on slide 5 and 6,7of the stomach with the anterior abdominal wall removed
Do it
Study the pictures on slide 4 of the quadrants and regions.
What are the 6 regions called?
Right hypochondriac region, right lumbar region, right unquinal region
Epigastric region, Umbilical region and hypogastric region
Left hypochondriac region region, left lumbar region and left hypogastric region
What is the foramen between the greater and lesser omental sac?
Epiploic foramen
Label the diagram of spleen on slide 11 or colour anatomy pg 300
Do it
Liver.
Label slide 13.
What is the name of the 4 ligaments?
Atlas anatomy pg 298
Right triangular ligament
Left and triangular ligament
Falciform ligament (attaches liver to anterior abdominal wall)
Round ligament (ligamentum Teres)
Describe these features of the liver. Round ligament (Teres) Falciparum ligament Ligamentum venosum Coronary ligaments Bare areas Porta hepatis
Describe these features of the liver.
Round ligament (Teres): ligament that contains obliterated umbilical vein
Falciform ligament: connects liver if anterior abdominal wall
Ligamentum venosum: remnant of fetal ductus venosus
Coronary ligaments
Bare areas: area of liver pressed against diaphragm
Porta hepatis: site at which vessels, duct, lymphatics and nerves enter or leave the liver
Tell me some cool info about the liver
- Easily injured due to large fixed position, easily crumbled.
- Fractured rib can tear liver ➡ haemorrhage and right upper quadrant pain
- liver receives large amount of blood IMMEDIATLY before it enters heart ➡can become engorged ➡ pain = runners stitch
- all venous drainage from gastrointestinal tract passes through the liver.
- gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder, spleen venous blood enters ➡ hepatic portal vein ➡ liver sinusoids ➡ hepatic veins ➡ IVC
Tell me about the portal vein.
Image on slide 18
It is formed by union of splenic vein and the superior mesenteric vein at vertebral level L2
What is the caput medusae?
The term is used to describe the distension of para umbilical veins on anterolateral abdominal wall due to liver cirrhosis (consequence of chronic liver disease were liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue which leads to loss of liver function)
Label diagram on slide 20 of different liver lobes
Left lobe, caudate lobe, quadrate lobe, right lobe
Label diagram on slide 22 and 23
What causes the bare area?
What is the function of the triangular and coronary ligaments
Yee
Gallbladder
What’s its function?
What’s its major stimulus?
Parasympathetic?
Relieves and concentrates bile from liver
Major stimulus: cholecystokinin
Parasympathetic: Vagal efferent
What is gallstones?
Stone formation in gallbladder and extra-hepatic ducts
-10-12% of adults in developed countries
-acute pain (mediated by splanchnic nerves) referred to back just below right scapula. (T6-T9 dermatomes) or even right shoulder if it irritates the diaphragm.
Bile obstruction➡ jaundice (yellow discolouration of skin and sclera caused by bilirubin accumulation in blood plasma)
Tell me about the pancreas location? Ie what vertebral level What is its major stimulus? Parasympathetic? Blood supply? Colour anatomy pg 296
Extends across posterior abdominal wall across the transpulmonary line at vertebral level L1. Secondarily retroperitoneal. Posterior to stomach.
It’s neck is anterior to superior mesenteric artery and vein.
Pancreatic cancer can present as back pain
Slide 29
Stimulus: secretin and cholecystokinin
Parasympathetic stimulus: vagus nerve
Blood supply from branches coeliac trunk ie splenic artery
Posterior view slide 33
Autonomic innervation.
Listen to lecture slide 34
Bit complicated
