Lecture 15: Muscles Of The Thorax And Abdomen Flashcards
What is a dermatome? What is it for nipple? Xiphoid process? Umbilicus? Inguinal ligament? Doesn't correspond to vertebral level!
A region of skin innervated by sensory fibres from a single spinal nerve. Nipple: T4 Xiphoid process: T7 Umbilicus: T10 Inguinal ligament: L1
Label the surface anatomy of the thorax
Slide 3 or 320 palm cards
D
What is the thoracic wall?
What is the functions of the thoracic wall?
Also label the diagram on pg 5
Thoracic wall include thoracic cage and the muscles that extend between its elements as well as skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscles, facia
- protects viscera
- attachment for upper limbs
- attachment for muscles of upper limbs, neck, abdomen, back and muscles of respiration
- resists negative interna pressures generated by elastic recoil of lungs and inspiratory movements
Label diagram of sternum slide 6
Sternal fractures are rare but deadly. Why?
Many patients die because the heart and great vessels are right behind
Sternal body fuses from for sternebrae.
Fusion is complete by 25 yrs of age
Ribs.
What ribs are true, false and floating?
True: ribs 1-7
False: 8-10
Floating p: ribs 11-12 slide 7 for picture
The 12th rib attaches onto the 12th thoracic vertebrae
Tell me some stuff about the 1st rib?
- broadest
- nearly horizontal
- shortest
- most sharply curved
- has 2 grooves for subclavian vessels
- grooves separated by anterior scalene tubercle
Tell me stuff about the typica 3rd-9th rib?
Number 36 palm cards
Head with 2 facets (articulation points)-superior and inferior
-tubercle at junction of neck and body
-has an articular facet for transverse process of corresponding vertebrae
-costal groove protects intercostal nerves and vessels
Slide 9 must view
They are light in weight, highly resilient and have a spongy interior = bone marrow (hematopoietic tissue)
View slide 11 for the posterior view of how ribs articulate with the vertebrae
- Head of rib articulates with 2 vertebrae.
- tubercle of rib articulates with transverse process if corresponding vertebrae
- 11th and 12th ribs don’t articulate with transverse process of vertebrae with same number
Thoracic apertures.
Name them all and describe their location. Look at picture
Superior thoracic aperture: T1 vertebrae + first rib + superior boarder of manubrium. Slide 13
Inferior thoracic aperture:
T12 vertebrae + ribs 11and 12 and costal margin + xiphisternal joint.
Learn the joints on slide 14 Acromioclavicular joint Sternoclavicular joint Sternocoastal joint Costochondral joint
D it
Label the joint of the thoracic wall on slide 15.
Try think of them before you look at page
Costotransverse joint Costovertebral joints Sternoclavicular joints Sternocostal joints -costochondral joints
Sternoclavicular joint
Tell me about it
-Saddle type synovial joint
-articulation between sternal end of clavicle and manubrium of sternum
-only joint between the superior appendicular and axial skeleton
Slide 16
Costochondral and interchondral joints
Costochondral:
-primary (hyaline) cartilaginous articulation between ribs and costal cartilages
Interchondral:
-synovial plane joint between costal cartilages of 6-7th, 7-8th, 8-9th
Fibrous articulation Between costal cartilages of 9th-10th ribs
“Rib seperation” occurs at costochondral joints
Slide 18
What is costochondritis
- costochondral joint pain due to inflammation
- one of the most common, identifiable cause if chest pain in children and adolescents.
- musculoskeletal chest pain generally reproducible on palpation and is exaggerated by physical activity or breathing
- treat with corticosteroids
Know how to label the surface Anatomy of thorax on slide 20 and 21
Do it
Muscles of anterior thoracic wall
The ones that attach to thoracic wall, act on upper limb:
True anterior thoracic wall muscles
The ones that attach to thoracic wall, act on upper limb:
- pectoralis major
- pectoralis minor
- serratus anterior
True anterior thoracic wall muscles:
- external/internal/ innermost intercostal
- transverse thoracis
- subcostal
- levator costarum
Learn table on slide 23. Muscles of thoracic wall
Do it
Intercostal muscles
External intercostals between adjacent ribs LATERAL to costochondral joint.
-its only internal intercostals between costal cartilages
Slide 24
Looks a slide 25 and label the internal surface of r
Ighg anterior thoracic wall
Then look at slide 26 and learn its parts
Do it
Intercostal nerves
-primary ventral rami of first 11 thoracic spinal nerves.
-12th subcostal nerve
-nerves branch to give rise to lateral and anterior cutaneous branches and branches innervating intercostal muscles
-intercostal neurovascular bundles lie inferior to each rib, running in the costal groove deep to the internal intercostal muscles.
Label slide 28
Learn the table in slide 29- muscles of anterior abdominal wall
Yep
Label diagram on slide 32 of superficial muscles of thorax
What are its functions and actions?
- Function is to compress and support abdominal viscera
- protect abdominal viscera from injury
- produce force required for dedication, vomiting and parturition
- produce anterior and lateral flexion of the trunk and rotators movements of trunk and help maintain posture.
Give me some info on the rectus abdominus
What does the rectus sheath contain?
Contractile fibres don’t run entire length of muscle.
-they run between 3 or more tendinosus intersections
Rectus sheath contains: rectus abdominis and pyramidal is muscle, superior and inferior epigastric arteries, anterior rami of T7-T12
Slide 34
