Lecture 2, Pt 2 - Terminology, Landmarks & Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the two parts of the skeleton?
Axial
Appendicular
How many bones in the Axial?
80
What does the axial skeleton consist of? What is its purpose?
The central skeleton
Protects the organs
Consists of Skull, Inner Ear Bones, Hyoid, Thoracic cage and vertebral column
How are skull bones joined?
Fibrous joints (sutures)
What does the Skull form?
The cranium (upper head) and face and encapsulates the brain
What are sinuses?
Air-filled cavities in the skull that give resonance to the voice and lightens bones of face and cranium
What are fontanelles?
Fibrous sutures (soft spots) on a baby’s head joining the skull bones together. Ossify at 12-18 months, Allows the baby’s head through the birth canal
What is the structure of the vertebral column?
24 moveable parts :- Cervical (7) C1-C7) Thoracic (12) T1-T12 Lumbar (5) L1-L5) Sacrum and coccyx (fused bones)
What is the function of the vertebral column?
Protect the spinal cord, movement eg side bending, support of skull, forms axis of the trunk
What are intervertebral Discs and what do they do?
Discs are shock absorbing structures, 23 of them (none in sacrum) and get thicker lower down
Bind vertebral bodies and separate individual vertebrae
Are most hydrated in the am and in those aged 30-40 and make up one third of the spinal column
Have two parts - annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus the nucleus being like a gel pad
What does the Thoracic Cage & Ribs consist of?
Sternum and ribs - 12 pairs
Describe the ribs?
First rib sits behind the clavicle in the anterior chest and just superior to clavicle is the apex of lung
Ribs attach to sternum via costal cartlige
Ribs 11 and 12 are floating ribs as they have no anterior bony attachments just attach posteriorly to vertebrae T11 and 12
What is the appendicular skeleton?
The distal skeleton consisting of the limbs
Has 126 bones
Consists of shoulder girdle arm and hand, pelvic girdle leg and foot
What is the pelvic girdle?
Hip bones and sacrum, inc the coccyx
What are skeletal muscles?
Ones that attach to bone and their subsequent contraction generates movement
How are skeletal muscles attached?
Tendon a fibrous structure
How many joints in body
187
How many types of joints?
3:-
Fibrous, cartilaginous and Synovial
What is a fibrous joint?
Bones held together tightly permitting limited movement eg sutures in head
What is a cartilaginous joint?
Articulating bones connected by cartilage, permit little or no movement eg intervertebral discs, epiphyseal growth plate
What is a synovial joint?
Permits the most movement.
Bones at joints are covered by hyaline cart called articular cart to reduce friction and act as shock absorber
Contain synovial fluid mostly hyaluronic acid and interstitial fluid filtered from the blood. It has no direct blood supply - they get nutrition from joint movement diffusion
eg shoulder and hip are ball and socket and knee and elbow are hinge
What is a bursae?
Closed fluid filled sac located to prevent friction between skin and bone, tendon and bone, muscle and bone or ligament and bone
The inside contains connective tissue fluid similar to synovial fluid
Rotation - what type of movement?
Movement around the longitudinal axis
Circumduction - what type of movement?
Circular
