Lecture 2 - Pelvic Floor and Gluteal Muscles

Question 1

What are the parts of the proximal femur? top -> bottom (9)

Answer 1

• head
• fovea (only in posterior view)
  -neck
• greater trochanter
• trochanteric fossa (only in posterior view)
• lesser trochanter
• intertrochanteric crest (only in posterior view)
• intertrochanteric line (only in anterior view)
• gluteal tuberosity (only in posterior view)

Question 2

What are the muscles of the pelvic floor? (2)

Answer 2

• ischiococcygeus
• levator ani

Question 3

Ischiococcygeus: origin

Answer 3

sacrum (inferior end)

Question 4

Ischiococcygeus: insertion

Answer 4

ischial spine

Question 5

Ischiococcygeus: action

Answer 5

supports pelvic viscera

Question 6

Leavtor ani: origins (2)

Answer 6

pubis, superior pubic ramus

Question 7

Leavtor ani: insertions (II)

Answer 7

anococcyygeal ligament, coccyx

Question 8

Leavtor ani: action

Answer 8

supports pelvic viscera

Question 9

What does a hiatus mean?

Answer 9

an opening

Question 10

Functions of the pelvic floor (3)

Answer 10

• supports abdominal and pelvic viscera
• forms the anal and urogenital hiatueses
• resists increases in intra-abdominal pressure (ex: stops you from peeing when you sneeze)

Question 11

What are the lateral rotators?
lateral (3) -> medial (3)

Answer 11

• piriformis
• obturator internus
• obturator externus (not seen in posterior view)
• gemellus superior
• gemellus inferior
• quadratus femoris

Question 12

Piriformis: origin

Answer 12

pelvic surface of the sacrum

Question 13

Piriformis: insertion

Answer 13

apex of the greater trochanter of the femur

Question 14

Piriformis: actions (3)

Answer 14

• lateral rotation of hip joint
• abduction of hip joint
• extension of hip joint

Question 15

Sciatic nerve: origin

Answer 15

lumbosacral plexus (L4, L5, S1, S2, S3)

Question 16

What muscle is the sciatic nerve inferior to?

Answer 16

the piriformis

Question 17

What hole does the sciatic nerve pass through?

Answer 17

the greater sciatic foramen

Question 18

Obturator externus: origin

Answer 18

outer surface of the obturator membrane

Question 19

Obturator externus: insertion

Answer 19

trochanteric fossa of the femur

Question 20

Obturator externus: actions (2)

Answer 20

• lateral roation of the hip joint
• adductions of the hip joint

Question 21

Obturator internus: origin

Answer 21

inner sruface of the obturator membrane

Question 22

Obturator internus: insertion

Answer 22

medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur

Question 23

Obturator internus: actions (3)

Answer 23

• lateral rotation of the hip joint
• adduction of the hip joint
• extension of the hip joint

Question 24

Gemellus superior: origin

Answer 24

ischial spine

Question 25

Gemellus superior: insertion

Answer 25

medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur (with obturator internus tendon)

Question 26

Gemellus superior: actions (3)

Answer 26

- lateral rotation of the hip joint - adduction of the hip joint - extension of the hip joint

Question 27

Gemellus inferior: origin

Answer 27

ischial tuberosity

Question 28

Gemellus inferior: insertion

Answer 28

greater trochanter of the femur

Question 29

Gemellus inferior: actions (3)

Answer 29

- lateral rotation of the hip joint - adduction of the hip joint - extension of the hip joint

Question 30

What muscles make up the "Gemellus sandwich"? top to bottom

Answer 30

gemellus superior - obturator internus - gemellus inferior

Question 31

Quadratus femoris: origin

Answer 31

lateral border of the ischial tuberosity

Question 32

Quadratus femoris: insertion

Answer 32

intertrochanteric crest of femur

Question 33

Quadratus femoris: actions (2)

Answer 33

- lateral rotation of the hip joint - adduction of the hip joint

Question 34

Gluteus maximus: origins (4)

Answer 34

- sacrum - ilium - thoracolumbar fascia - sacrotuberous ligament

Question 35

Gluteus maximus: insertions (2)

Answer 35

- iliotibial tract - gluteal tubersority of the femur

Question 36

Gluteus maximus: actions (3)

Answer 36

- extension - lateral rotation - adduction

Question 37

Gluteus medius: origin

Answer 37

ilium

Question 38

Gluteus medius: insertion

Answer 38

greater trochanter of the femur

Question 39

Gluteus medius: action

Answer 39

abduction of the hip joint

Question 40

Gluteus minimus: origin

Answer 40

ilium

Question 41

Gluteus minimus: insertion

Answer 41

greater trochanter of the femur

Question 42

Gluteus minimus: action

Answer 42

abduction of the hip

Question 43

Tensor fasciae latae (TFL): origin

Answer 43

anterior superior iliac spine

Question 44

Tensor fasciae latae (TFL): insertion

Answer 44

iliotibial tract

Question 45

Tensor fasciae latae (TFL): actions (3)

Answer 45

- abduction of the hip joint - flexion of the hip joint - medial rotation of the hip joint