Lecture 2: Lipids+ Membranes Flashcards
Phospholipids (2)
Abundant+ constructed
- Abundant in biological membranes
- Constructed of four components:
1. one or more fatty acids
2. Platform (scaffold) to which the fatty acids are attached
3. Phosphate
4. Alcohol attached to phosphate
Platform in picture is gylcerol
Potential groups/common alcohols attached to phospholipid (5)
- Inositol
- Serine
- Ethanolamine
- Choline
- Glycerol
Structures of phosphoglycerides
Phosphoglycerides are phospholipids with a glycerol platform
Spingolipids
- phospholipids built on a sphingosine scaffold
Glycolipds are
scaffold….
sugar containing lipids with spingosine scaffold
Steroids (2)
What it is classified for + root
- Hormones and membrane lipids
- made of four rings as root
What is ceramide consisted off?
Sphingosine+Fatty acid
Sterol
Steriod and alcohol
Amphipathic molecules
Have hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties
What kind of lipids form bimolecular sheets (lipid bilayers)?
Phospholipids and glycolipids
Hydrophobic effect drives the formation of —— because of —-
- bilayers
- entropy
Hydrocarbon tails-Hydrocarbon tails are attracted by what forces?
Vanderwaals attractive forces
What forces are between polar head groups and water?
Electrostatic and H bonding
Membrane fluidity is influenced by (4)
- # of cis double bonds (Degree of unsaturation)
- # of carbons in the fatty acids
- Temperature
- The presence of chloesterol
Explain how Chloesterol can increase fluidity
Shape can disrupt tight packing between saturated fatty acids increasing fluidity
Explain how Chloesterol can decrease fluidity
If you add chloesterol, the shape can fill in gaps forming interactions and decrease fluidity
Lipid vesicles have
- an aqueous compartment encolsed by a lipid bilayer
